Quercus 12,83 



6, Var. Genabii and var. latifolia are forms with very large leaves, up to 5 in. 

 long, and 2\ in. wide, usually dentate towards the apex. 



7. In Afghanistan and the western Himalayas, a variety described as a distinct 

 species, Q. Baloot, Griffith, Itin. Notes, 328 (1848), occurs at altitudes between 

 3000 and 8500 ft.^ In western China, several peculiar varieties^ have been 

 found on the high mountains of Szechwan, Hupeh, and Yunnan. None of these 

 Asiatic forms have been introduced into cultivation, and need not be here further 

 alluded to. 



Hybrids 



Reputed hybrids between Q. Ilex and Q. Suber have been reported in France,^ 

 Italy,* Spain,® and Portugal.* This species also hybridizes with Q. coccifera. 

 Cf. p. 1279. 



Q. Turneri, supposed to be a hybrid between Q. Ilex and Q. pedunculata, is 

 described on p. 1288. Q. audleyensis, possibly a hybrid with Q. sessiliflora, is 

 described on p. 1291. 



Distribution 



Q. Ilex is a native of the Mediterranean region, occurring in Spain and 

 Portugal, France, Italy, Southern Tyrol, Istria, Dalmatia, Greece, the coast region 

 of Syria, and in Morocco, Algeria, and Tunis. 



In France, Q. Ilex occurs in the departments bordering on the Mediterranean, 

 and ascends the valley of the Rhone to a point near Valence, spreading on the east 

 along the valleys of its tributaries through Drdme, Basses- Alpes, and Hautes-Alpes, 

 and being limited on the west by a line passing through the southern parts of 

 Ard^che, Lozere, Aveyron, and Tarn, and including the greater part of Aude and 

 Pyrdndes Orientales, where M. Flahaut observed it in the valley of the Tet as high 

 as 5000 ft. elevation. In south-eastern France this species is only met with on 

 limestone, and is rarely seen except as coppice, its bark being a valuable tanning 

 material. At low altitudes and in arid situations it is often mixed with Pinus 

 kalepensis, and at higher altitudes with Quercus lanuginosa. These coppices consist 

 usually of scattered bushes separated by paths frequented by flocks of sheep. The 

 most remarkable forest of this kind is that of Bddoin, on the southern slope of 

 Mt. Ventoux, where Q. Ilex ascends from 300 to 2700 ft., occurring pure up to 

 2300 ft., and mixed with Q. lanuginosa between 2300 and 2700 ft. In this coppice 

 is found the most esteemed kind of truffle, that of Pdrigord.^ In the south- 

 west and west of France Q. Ilex is found here and there on limestone in small 



1 Cf. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India, v. 602 (i8 



2 Cf. Skan xajoum. Linn. Soc. (Bt>(.) xxvi. 516 (1899). Q. Ilex, var. phillyrcsoides, Franchet, a native of Japan and 

 western China, is very different and is treated by us as a distinct species. See p. 1298. 



3 Quercus Bertrandi, Albert et Reynier in Bull. Acad. Intern. Giog. Bot., 1902, ex Albert et Jahandiez, Plant. Vase, 

 du Var, 444, pi. xiv. (1908). 



4 Quercus Morisii, Borzi, in Nuov. Giom. Bot. Ital. xiii. 10, fig. i (1881). This hybrid is reported by Pereira in Bull. 

 Soc. Bot. France, xiv. 69 (1892) to occur near Bastia, in Corsica. 



6 Mentioned by Laguna, as occurring in Estremadura and Andalusia. 

 8 Continho reports this hybrid to be not uncommon in Alemtejo. 

 ^ Cf. Huffel, Economie Forestiire, i. 386-390 (1904). 



