Quercus 1289 



falling early in spring, before the new leaves appear, about 3 in. long and 2 in. wide, 

 obovate, rounded or acute at the apex, rounded or slightly auricled at the base, with 

 five to eight pairs of lateral nerves, all but the lowest one or two pairs ending in a 

 sinuate tooth, with a cartilaginous tip, long and bristle-like in young plants, short and 

 blunt in old trees ; upper surface dark green, with deciduous scattered stellate hairs ; 

 lower surface pale green, with white stellate hairs on the midrib and nerves, elsewhere 

 glabrous or with scattered inconspicuous pubescence ; petiole I in. long, densely 

 pubescent. 



Fruit ripening in the first year, three to seven, of which only one or two 

 develop, sessile on a slender tomentose peduncle, about 2 in, long ; acorn ovoid, 

 about f in. long, with appressed long white hairs towards the apex, which is 

 crowned by the conspicuous tomentose style; cupule about ^ in. in diameter, 

 urceolate, covered with closely appressed grey tomentose ovate scales, reddish at 

 the tips, and diminishing in size from the base to the constricted thin margin of 

 the cupule. 



Var. pseudoturneri. 



Quercus gland ulif era. Masters, in Gard. Chron. xiv. 714, fig. 134 (1880) (not Blume). 

 Quercus pseudoturneri, Schneider, Laubholzkunde, i. 200, fig. \2b g, h (1904). 

 Quercus aizoon, Koehne, in Gartenflora, liii. 657 (1904). 



Usually a smaller tree than the typical form. Leaves (Plate 337, Fig. 45) 

 usually longer and narrower, averaging 4 to 5 in. long and i^ to 2 in. wide ; teeth 

 larger, with mucronate points often obsolete ; under surface more pubescent than in 

 the type ; base rounded, auricled, or cuneate. 



The earliest account of this oak is by Lamarck, who described it in 1783, 

 from a specimen growing in the garden of the Trianon, as le chine Turnere, said 

 to have been found originally as a seedling in England, which was propagated 

 by grafting. Messrs. Loddiges informed Loudon that it was a hybrid, "raised 

 about 1795 or before, by Mr. Spencer Turner, in the Holloway Down Nursery, 

 Essex, which was founded by him about 1787." The latter account is evidently 

 inaccurate as regards dates ; but it may be assumed that the oak was raised by 

 Mr. Turner sometime before 1783, when it was well-known to Lamarck. 

 Willdenow ^ founded his description on a plant of the broad-leaved form, growing 

 at Berlin, which had been sent to him by Loddiges. The narrow-leaved variety 

 appears to have been the form more generally propagated, especially by Rivers 

 at the Sawbridgeworth Nursery, where Loudon states that there was a tree forty 

 years old in 1838. It is possible that both forms of foliage occurred on the 

 original tree in Turner's nursery. 



In the Bristol Nursery, a tree was found in 1825 in a bed of seedling oaks, 

 which Loudon describes as Q. hybrida nana, and this seems to have been a form 

 of Q. Turneri, bearing both broad and narrow leaves. It is said by Loudon to 

 have been a bush rather than a tree; but the original plant made fairly rapid 



1 Willdenow's statement that the tree came originally from Tibet is evidently due to a confusion between Spencer 

 Turner, the nurseryman, and Samuel Turner, the famous traveller, who visited Tibet about 1786, 



2 P 

 V ^ ^ 



