Quercus 1 3 1 1 



Q. Prinus by the narrower leaves (Plate 336, Fig. 35), 4 to 7 in. long and 2 to 

 3 in. wide, with long narrow or short broad apices ; with eight to ten pairs of inflexed 

 teeth, glandular at their tips ; upper surface yellowish green, glabrescent ; lower 

 surface pale with scattered minute pubescence ; petiole \ to i in. long, glabrescent. 



Fruit smaller than in Q. Prinus; acorn broadly ovoid, 5- to f in. long; cupule 

 hemispherical, pubescent within, covered with appressed ovate tomentose scales, the 

 lower ranks thickened, those above with free tips forming a fringe-like margin to 

 the cupule. 



This is the most important of the chestnut oaks, being more widely distributed 

 than Q. Prinus, extending farther westward to Nebraska, Kansas, Indian Territory, 

 and the Guadalupe mountains, Texas. It is rare and local in the Atlantic States, 

 where it is usually found growing on limestone soils, from the district of Columbia 

 and the valley of the Potomac northwards to Lake Champlain and southern Ontario. 

 It is very abundant west of the Alleghany mountains, attaining an enormous size in 

 the luxuriant forest of the Wabash valley in Indiana and Illinois. 



Ridgway says of this tree ^ that it may be recognised at a distance by its thin- 

 scaled very light-coloured bark and tall slender growth, being probably the tallest in 

 proportion to its diameter of any of the white barked species. The tallest, however, 

 that he measured was 130 ft. high by 13 ft. in girth ; another 122 ft. high and 84 ft. 

 to the first fork, was only 3|- ft. diameter on the top of the stump. He describes 

 the acorns as very small and sweet, much resembling the nuts of Castanea pumila in 

 appearance and taste. The wood is said to be tougher than that of Q. alba, and 

 much used by wagon-builders. 



This species, though said by Loudon to have been introduced in 1822, is one 

 of the rarest oaks in cultivation in Europe. The only specimens which we know of 

 are two trees, about 8 ft. high, at Aldenham, which were procured, under the name 

 Q. Esculus, about eight years ago from a German nursery. The yellow-green 

 leaves, turning scarlet or orange in autumn, are handsome and peculiar, owing to 

 their wrinkled uneven margin, caused by the teeth being turned inwards and 

 upwards. (A. H.) 



QUERCUS PRINOIDES 



Quercus prinoides, Willdenow, in Neue Schrift. Gesell. Natfr. Berlin, iii. 397 (1801); Sargent, Silva 



N. Amer. viii. 59, t. 378 (1895). 

 Quercus Prinus humilis, Marshall, Arbust. Am. 125 (1785). 

 Quercus Prinus pumila, Michaux, Hist. Chines Am. No. 5, t. 9, f. i (1801); Loudon, Arb. et Frut. 



Brit. iii. 1875 (1838). 

 Quercus Prinus Chincapin, Michaux f.. Hist. Arb. Am. ii. 64, t. 10 (1812). 

 Quercus Chinquapin, Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. ii. 634 (1814). 

 Quercus Muehlenbergii, var. humilis, Britten, m. Bull Torrey Bot, Club, xiii. 41 (i886). 



A shrub, 12 to 15 ft. high. Young branchlets glabrous. Buds ovoid, obtuse, 

 glabrous, \ in. long. Leaves (Plate 336, Fig. 38) deciduous in autumn, turning 



1 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1882, p. 82 {in separata). 



