METHOD OF TREATMENT. 



229 



ous cases, especially if of a plucky, determined character, punishing 

 sharply with a whip will be necessary. 



It is important also that the whip be of the right length and best 

 quality, as in many cases the want of this precaution would be suf- 

 ficient to cause defeat. It should be from five to six feet long, 

 -rather stiff, with a bow top made of buckskin, and a good hard lash. 

 It must be of such good material that there will be no danger of its 

 breaking, and so easily handled that the end of the nose can be 

 struck with quickness and precision. If long and unwieldy, it can- 

 not be handled with the effectiveness necessary, as there is danger 

 of hitting around the eyes and head, which must not be done. 



Another point : The horse must not at first be hitched where he 

 cannot, if necessary,' be , punished with the whip; when he goes 

 back, punish in- 

 stantly. When he 

 jum'ps forward, 

 make a noise, crack 

 the whip, or any- 

 thing else, but do 

 not strike him. It 

 is advisable to let 

 him stand quietly 

 where treated until 

 cool. He may, when 

 left alone, try to 

 pull again once or 

 twice, but this will 

 only fix the impres- 

 sion the stronger 

 until he will give 

 up the contest. Next t he should be tested at other poinds, though 

 hot very severely. If he pulls, the punishment should be quick and 

 sharp until submissive. It does no good to break a horse only suffi- 

 ciently to make him stand quietly when not excited or frightened. 

 To be effective, he must be made to stand quietly, regardless of 

 any of the usual causes of excitement. Unless this can be done, the 

 horse should not be risked hitched in the street, or at any place 

 Where exposed to causes of fear. Hitching to a limb of a tree, 

 which will give when pulled upon, will prevent the habit during the 

 time hitched, but when tied to an unyielding post or manger, he is 

 again liable to pull. 



Fig. 274.- 



-A Test to which the Halter-puller was usually' Sub- 

 mitted by the Class after Treatment. 



