462 DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT. 



probably appear on the membrane covering the cartilage of the nose, — not merely 

 sore places, or streaks of abrasion, and quite superficial, but small ulcers, usually 

 approaching to a circular form, deep, and with the edges abrupt and prominent. 

 When these appearances are observed, there can be no doubt about the matter. 



When- ulcers begin to appear on the membrane of the nose, the constitution of 

 the horse is soon evidently affected. The patient loses flesh ; his belly is tucked up ; 

 his coat unthrifty, and readily comes off ; the appetite is impaired ; the strength 

 fails ; cough, more or less urgent, may be heard ; the discharge from the nose will 

 increase in quantity, it will be discolored, bloody, offensive to the smell ; the ulcers 

 in the nose will become larger and more numerous, and the air-passages being ob- 

 structed, a grating, choking noise will be heard at every act of breathing. There is 

 now a peculiar tenderness about the forehead. The membrane lining the frontal 

 sinuses is inflamed and ulcerated, and ihe integument of the forehead becomes 

 thickened and somewhat swelled. Farcy is now superadded to glanders, or glanders 

 has degenerated into farcy, and more of the absorbents are involved. 



At or before this time little tumors appear about the muscles' and face and 

 neck, following the course of the veins and the absorbents.-for they run side by side ; 

 and these the tumors soon ulcerate. Tumors or buds, still pursuing the path of the 

 absorbents, soon appear on the inside of the thighs. They, are connected together 

 by a corded substance. This is the inflamed and enlarged lymphatic ; and ulcera- 

 tion quickly follows the appearance of these buds. The deeper-seated absorbents 

 are next affected ; and one or both of the hind legs swell to a great size, and be- 

 come stiff, and hot, and tender. The loss of flesh and strength is more marked 

 every day. The membrane of the nose becomes of a dirty, livid color ; the mem- 

 brane of the mouth is strangely pallid. The eye is infiltrated with a yellow fluid ; 

 ■ and the discharge from the nose becomes more profuse, and insufferably offensive. 

 The animal presents one mass of putrefaction, and at last dies exhausted. 



As stated before, chronic catarrh is a discharge from the nose, 

 affecting only the lining membrane of the nose ; and there may be 

 also enlargement of the glands, staring coat, and debility, so that it 

 is sometimes difficult to distinguish one from the other during the 

 early stage. of glanders. Then, again ulcerated teeth may produce 

 the same symptoms of discharge from the nose of a very offensive 

 character, which may be taken for glanders. So that, when there 

 are the characteristic symptoms of glanders, it is very important to 

 look closely to the condition of the teeth — is there any enlarge- 

 ment or ulcerous secretion in their neighborhood, which may ex- 

 tend into the nasal cavity ? When the horse is valuable, and there 

 is any doubt about the case, the best way is to inoculate some 

 worthless horse with some of the virus ; if glanders, it Will show 

 itself very quickly. 



The usual method of doing this is to first cut off the hair from the side of the 

 neck or other part of the body about the size of a half dollar ; then take a lancet 

 and pass it under the cuticle, or scarf-skin, only deep enough to bring a few drops of 

 blood. The matter is to be introduced into this opening with a thin slip of wood of 

 the form of the lancet. If the matter is glanderous, the part will become sore in 

 two or three days, and a scab will form on it, which, in a few days will be thrown 



