CONGESTION OF THE LUNGS. 



477 ; 



This is so common, and fatal in its effect, if neglected or not 

 treated properly, that it is very important to have the nature and 

 treatment made so simple and plain to owners and stable-keepers 

 that, in the absence of competent professional aid, they may easily 

 understand and combat it successfully during its insipiency, when it 

 can as a general thing be easily managed. 



We will first briefly consider the structures involved in pul- 

 monary affections. The windpipe (trachea), after entering the 

 chest, divides into the bronchia, or bronchial tubes. These divide 



Fig. 798.— Showing the Respiratory Organs. 



8. Trachea; 9. Esophagus; 10. Section of left bronchus; 11. Ramifications of right 

 bronchus; 12. Right; lung; 13. Left lung seen from above; 14. Sternum; 16. Heart; 17. 



Posterior aorta ; 18. Anterior aorta. 



and subdivide into smaller tubes, finally terminating in the air- 

 cells. The lungs are made up of clusters of these cells ; of a large 

 mass of pulmonary texture called the parenchymatous structure 

 or substance of the lungs ; of blood-vessels, both functional and 

 for the nutrition of the organ ; of nerves and lymphatics ; and 

 the whole inclosed in a serous membrane called the' pleura, which 

 is made up of two portions, one portion being reflected over the 

 lungs (pleura pulmonalis), while the other lines the inside of the 

 ribs and diaphragm (pleura costalis). The lungs are exceedingly 

 light in proportion to their size, and are very vascular organs ; 

 consequently they are very liable to diseases of an inflammatory 

 character ; and the precursor of inflammation is congestion. A good 

 idea of the circulation in these parts can be obtained by a study of 

 Fig. 804. 



