484 DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT. 



washing the belly and legs immediately after exercise and allow- 

 ing the horse to get chilled ; removing from a warm to a cold or 

 from a cold to a warm stable ; or cold applied to the surface of a 

 heated animal, by which the blood is driven from the, skin and ex- 

 tremities to the internal organs. Any. slight cold or sore throat 

 may run into pneumonia. Driving rapidly against a cold wind, es- 

 pecially after being confined to the stable for some time, is a com- 



Fig. 805. — Usual Position of tho Horse when Suffering from Shivering. 



mon cause, and, a horse should be watched carefully after such an 

 exposure ; also breathing impure air in overcrowded, badly ventilated 

 stables, or standing in. an open, draughty stable. 



Any exposure to cold and wet, sudden chills, housing in very cold, draughty 

 stables. Horses kept in ill-ventilated stables are undoubtedly rendered susceptible 

 to many diseases, and to pneumonia among the rest ; but they will bear impure air 

 even better than cold draughts blowing directly upon them. I have repeatedly ob- 

 served that the slightest cold contracted by a horse kept in a draughty stable has 

 almost invariably been succeeded by pneumonia, and that if the animal was not re- 

 moved to a more comfortable situation, the disease tended to a fatal termination. 

 — Williams, 



Symptoms. — Pneumonia is almost invariably ushered in by 

 shivering, and coldness of the surface of the body. The breathing 

 becomes hard and full, panting-like. The pulse is full and oppressed, 

 running up to from sixty to eighty beats per minute, differing in its 

 character from the pulse of pleurisy, which is hard and wiry. The 

 ears and legs are cold ; the membranes of the eyes and nose are 



