PNEUMONIA. 



48ft 



reddened ; the animal stands persistently with his elbows turned 

 out, to give more freedom to the lungs. He stands with his nose 

 toward the window or door, where he can get fresh air. 



A healthy horse breathes at an average of ten times in a min- 

 ute, viz., ten inspirations and ten 

 expirations ; and the time occu r 

 pied by the inspiratory movement 

 is longer than the expiratory. In 

 pneumonia the expiration is as 

 long, if not longer, than the in- 

 spiration, and these movements 

 are very much quickened, being 

 ah effort of nature to compensate 

 for the impaired action of the 

 lungs. "When a cough is present, 

 it is freer and less painful than 

 the cough of pleurisy. By ap- 

 plying the ear to the sides of the chest, in the early stage a crep- 

 itating sound is heard, which becomes altered as the disease pro- 

 gresses ; but in a general sense it is easily distinguished by the horse, 

 standing wjith the legs spread, the head thrown forward, breathing 



qufck and hard, and ears and legs 

 cold. , 



Treatment. — ; Blanket warmly 

 and put in a comfortable stall 

 where there will be pure air, and 

 give the following fever medi- 



Fiq. 806.— As the Horse Usually Stands whan 



Suffering Irom Inflammation of the 



Lungs. From Mayhew. 



cine : 



Fig. 807.— Horse in the Last Stages of 

 Inflammation of the Lungs. Mayhew. 



Tincture of aconite .1 oz. 



Tincture of belladonna .. . % drs. 

 Water '; . .3 oz. 



Of this give from IS to 30 drops on the 

 tongue every 20 or 30 minutes, or about 

 10 drops tincture of aconite every two hours, more or less, according to the severity 

 , of the case. If the Case' is severe, apply strong stimulants to the legs, breast, and 

 sides of the chest, as before explained, such as mustard made into a paste and rubbed 

 in thoroughly, or a liniment composed of aqua ammonia reduced one half with water, 

 and rubbed in well so as to invite circulation to surface and extremities. 



Blankets wrung out of hot water applied to the sides in the 

 early stage (for details see " Fomentations "), is preferred by many. 

 If this is done at the time the fever sets in, either in pneumonia or 

 pleurisy (the treatment for which is practically the same), with a 

 few doses of the fever medicine, it is rarely the horse will not be re- 



