KNUCKLING OVER. ; 561 



The following is the, treatment, advised by very able practi- 

 tioners : — 



Give a laxative,, and apply not fomentations to the part two or; three times a 

 day. After each fomentation apply a strong stimulating liniment. Continue this 

 treatment until the skin is sore, then cease the treatment, and apply the following 

 for a few days : — 



Fia. 871.— Showing the Superficial Muscles of the Hip and Thigh. 



Soft soap. . , . . .6 oz. 



Alcohol: ...:.' .12 oz. 



Apply twice a? day until well. 



Knuckling Over. 



Knuckling, or standing over, is very common in cab and stage 

 horses. It /gives the animal an ungainly, worn-out appearance. It 

 may occur on one or both knees, which are bent forward, and are 

 very shaky, or the fetlocks may be knuckled forward. Veterinarians 

 differ as to the real nature of this condition, or as to the part really 

 at fault. Some suppose that it is from " a relaxed and lengthened 

 state of the extensor muscles ; " others " of the ligamentous tissue at 

 the anterior part of the joint ; " others " an inordinate contraction of 

 the flexors, to such a, degree that the equilibrium of the flexors and 

 extensors is destroyed." Dissection, however, fails to confirm these 



