DAIRYING. 



in the art of churning butter, and ren- 

 dered the process an easy and pleasant 

 one instead of the ever-dreaded task of 

 the olden days. Such innumerable va- 

 rieties of churns have been inventedin 

 this country, that anything Kke a de- 

 scription or even classification of them 

 would be impossible. Out of the myr- 

 iad designs we select a considerable 

 number, from which the reader may 

 make a selection to suit himself. 



The Holstein Vertical Churn (Figs. 

 878 and 879) has on the inside three 

 round pieces of wood fastened in a per- 

 pendicular position and equidistant from 

 each other ; the revolving beater-frame 

 dashes the cream against them, and they 

 cause the cream to return to the center of the churn, so that a con- 

 tinuous and violent agitation is maintained. The representations 

 we give in the two figures referred .to are of machines to be used 

 with power and by hand respectively. 



A revolving barrel churn is shown in Fig. 880. It is simple and 

 efficacious. 



Fig. 879.— Small Holstein Vertical 

 Churn. 



Fig. 880.— Revolving Barrel Churn. 



Fig. 881.— Victoria Churn. 



The Victoria Churn (Fig; 881) is likewise a barrel churn, but it 

 is worked by an end-over-end motion, which it is claimed gives suf- 

 ficient agitation without the aid of a dasher. 



