722 



DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



Fig. 942. — Ox's Head— Anterior Face. 



1. Mastoid process ; Z. Superciliary foramen ; 3. Zygoma ; 4. Lachrymal bone ; 5. Max- 

 illary spine ; 6. Inferior orifice of the supermaxlllo-dental canal 1 . 



* 



Next in importance is the selection of such remedies as are 

 most simple and safe in their application and effect. There should 

 be no want pf proper nursing in emergencies, and during conditions 

 of debility or exposure. Good and sufficient food, pure water, clean 

 and well-ventilated stables, are essential. There should also be pro- 

 vision for shade in summer, and care taken to prevent harassing by 

 dogs at any time. The importance of these points will be apparent 

 when the causes of many fatal and parasitic diseases are explained. 

 For instance, the sudden and rapid generation of gas (hoven), is the 

 result of feeding on too rank or moist pasturage. It is well, there- 

 fore, to avoid pasturing in low or marshy grounds. This, and other 

 precautions, needless to mention here, require constant observance 

 in order to prevent accident and disease. 



The special characteristics of cattle as ruminating animals, leave 

 an impress upon their diseased conditions. Thus, the alimentary 

 i canal is of peculiar construction and arrangement. The ox has four 

 stomachs, which fill the greater part of the abdomen, while the horse 

 has only one stomach, but a much greater length of intestines. 

 Inflammation of the bowels, a common disease in the horse, is 

 comparatively rare among cattle. Cattle take but little exercise 



