DISEASES OF, THE RESPIRATORY ORGAtfS. 753 



When both the pleura and the' lungs become inflamed, we call the 

 disease pleuro-pneumonia. If the mucous membrane of the lungs 

 and lung tissue becomes involved, we have bronchi-pneumonia, or 

 catarrhal pneumonia. 



In arriving at a correct diagnosis, in many diseases of the re- 

 spiratory organs, we are greatly aided by auscultation and percus- 

 sion. Auscultation depends on the motion of the air through the 

 air passages, and the movements of the chest, and other parts, dur- 

 ing breathing. The ear is applied to the surface, and any irregular- 

 ity in breathing is noted. (See Fig. 979.) We depend upon this 

 for determining the state of the lungs and air passages. In percus- 

 sion, blows are struck on the surface, and we determine from the 

 resulting sound whether the cavity within is empty, or blocked up 

 by some material. The. healthy resonance of the chest is very char- 

 acteristic, and dullness on percussion indicates consolidation, or 

 accumulation of fluid in the pleural sac. 



CATARBH-COLDS. 



Catarrh is an inflammation of the 

 mucous membrane of the nose and 

 sinuses of the head, frequently in- 

 volving the eyes, throa£, and air pas- 

 sages. It is usually brought on by 

 sudden changes of temperature, es- 

 pecially when animals 1 are badly fed. 

 Damp, badly drained, and poorlyven- 

 tilated stables, or those built so as to 

 allow exposure to drafts and storms, 

 are predisposing causes. 



Symptoms, — The mucous mem- Fia. 980.— Citarrh. 



brane of the nOse and eyes, at first 



red and dry, soon become moist with a watery discharge, which 

 ^eventually becomes copious, dense, and opaque. (See Fig. 980.) 

 The eyelids are swollen, there is sneezing, and sometimes a cough. 

 Febrile symptoms occasionally run high, with loss of appetite, sus- 

 pension of rumination, shivering fits, and a staring coat, constipa- 

 tion, scanty urine, etc. If the system is still exposed- \.o the cause 

 of the disease, and proper treatment is neglected, .chronic nasal 

 catarrh, malignant catarrh, or sporadic pleuro-pneumonia may 

 develop. 



'Treatment. — If diarrhea is present, give at once the following:— 



Tincture of opium (laudanum) 1 oz. 



Aromatic spirits of ammonia 1 " ■ 



Infusion of quassia '. 1 P*- 



