DIGESTIVE ORGANS— CONTINUED, 



789 



ABDOMINAL HERNIA. 



The term abdominal hernia is applied to' the protrusion through 

 an unnatural opening (rupture) of any part of the bowels, or of any 



Fig. 1036.— Umbilical Hernia. 



Fig. 1037. — Truss Applied for Hernia. 



of the viscera of the abdomen, into a cavity or pouch, distinct from 

 its natural position. There are different kinds of hernia, in accord- 

 ance with their situation and the organs forming them. 



Umbilical hernia (Fig. 1036) usually exists at birth, or is devel- 

 oped soon after. It consists of a soft tumor, of variable size, at that 

 part of the abdomen known as the navel. The protrusion will dis- 

 appear if the calf is placed on its back, or it can be restored by gentle 

 pressure upon all sides. 



Treatment. — Young calves,, the only ones, as a rule, treated, 

 require for this condition a properly adjusted truss or pad, with har- 

 ness, as shown in Fig. 1037. 



This can be tightened or extended, S P as to fit animals of difr 

 ferent sizes, and to keep the pad from slipping forward or backward. 

 In severe cases, compression of the skin after the return of the in- 

 testine, either by clamp o,r ligature, is preferred. 



Fig. 1038.— Wooden Clamp. 



Fro. 1039.— Iron Screw Clamp. 



Two forms of clamps are used, one of wood, the other 6i iron, 

 and adjustable by means of screws. (Figs. 1038 and 1039.) 



By the iron one, which is preferable, pressure is more uniform 



