THE URINARY ORGANS. 795 



its extreme posterior part, and an opening made in it at its first 

 curve, over the pelvic bones, through which the catheter must be 

 passed. (See Fig. 1046.) 



INCONTINENCE OF URINE. 



This affection is marked by a constant dribbling of urine. 'It 

 may be caused by relaxation of the walls of the urethral canal, or 

 from irritability of the bladder. 



Treatment. — If calculi are > present, they must be removed by 

 operation. If it is the result of other causes, attention must be 

 directed to them. Nux vomica, strychnine, cantharides, iron, and 

 counter-ii'ritation over the sacrum are the most useful measures. 

 Cold water injections into the rectum have been recommended. 



A form of incontinence that is sometimes met with in young 

 calves, and occurring shortly after birth, is due to a nonclosure of 

 the aperture at the navel, communicating with the tube which car- 

 ried the urine from the bladder before birth. For this, Prof. Gamgee 

 recommends a couple of silver wire sutures through the opening to 

 close it, or the application of sulphate of zinc to the part, to induce 

 granulation and cicatrization. 



ALBUMINURIA. 



* This is probably caused by colds, injuries, or such errors of diet 

 as produce anaemia at one time and plethora at others, sudden 

 changes from poorer to richer kinds of food, and vice versa. 



Symptoms. — The animal shows general weakness, tenderness 

 over the loins, and disinclination to move or lie down. The back is 

 arched, the body contracted, and the feet are drawn together. In 

 the acute form (Fig. 1047) the respiration is labored, the pulse rapid, 

 and the temperature elevated, and there is also straining and diffi- 

 cult urination. In the chronic stage the symptoms are not so 

 urgent. .The patient usu- 

 ally stands stretched out 

 (Fig. 1048) with the back 

 arched downward. In the 

 acute 1 form the urine shows 

 the presence of albumen un- 

 der the usual chemical test. ~ 

 To the eye it appears thick 



and gelatinous, and it is 



*• . . Fig. 1047.— Traumatic Albuminuria. Acute Form, 



ropy and tenacious when 



poured from one vessel to another. 



Treatment.— This is not always^ satisfactory. Avoid exposure 



