Chapter XXIL 



MISOELLANEOTJS. 



Thb Teeth of Catties — Importance op the Study op Dentition — Unrelia- 

 bility of Determining Age by the Horns — The Teeth at Different 

 Ages — Methods of Throwing . and Securing the Ox — Throwing by a 

 Single Rope — Rueff's Method — Securing the Ox in a Standing Position 

 —Securing Hind Leg — Ox Travis — Nose-Clamps — Nose-Ring — Alsace 

 Nose-Ring and Headstall — Vigan's Apparatus — Devices to Prevent 

 Hooking and Running — Yoke for Ox. 



THE dentition of cattle is 

 an important study for 

 the farmer as well as for 

 the veterinary surgeon. It is 

 often of considerable impor- 

 tance to determine the age of 

 cattle, and the common method 

 of doing this is by an examina- 

 tion of the horns. This, how- 

 ever, is a very uncertain meth- 

 od, and the inexperienced are 

 often misled by it. Sometimes 

 the file, sand-paper, and oil are 

 used with the intent to mislead. 

 It is only in the cow that the 

 rings on the horns are distinct. 

 The first ring is usually, though 

 not always, formed at the age 

 of three years. If a heifer takes 

 the bull at two years of age, 

 or a little before or after that 

 period, the first ring will ap- 

 pear, so that a three-year-old 

 may sometimes bear the mark 

 of a four-year-old. On the 



Fig! 1104.— Teeth of the Ox. horns of a bul1 the rin S s are 



. tt 4 <> «. v , ,_ c* ^ not seen until the aee of five 



1. Upper jaw: a, Seen from below; b, Side-view.- . s 



Lower jaw: a, From above; b, Side-view. years, and occasionally they 



(844) 



