WATER-HAUNTING 23 



head, and music older than speech. Perhap^ the cat- 

 fish when bellowing is defying his foe. 



We shall not go into the structure of the larynx 

 or special sound-apparatus in the frog-forms — ^further 

 than to say that many of the males have membranous 

 sacs on each side of the mouth which can be filled 

 with air ; and these greatly aiji in producing a loud 

 sound. In some they remain full so long as the pro- 

 longed sound prevails ; in others the sacs go down 

 with the short call and afe refilled before the next. 

 The females do not have these sacs, but many of 

 them call in a weak voice. 



In the tailed forms there are calls also, especially 

 from the land-haunters, but they are not strong nor 

 striking. They are doubtless related to calling and 

 charming. 



Something of cries in connection with the weather 

 will come up under " Skin." 



"WATEE-HAUNTrNG 



Among most amphibians that are land-haunters 

 there is, in connection \Wth the voice, the habit of 

 forming bathing parties at the social seasons, when 

 better opportunities of being agreeable to each other 

 are afforded. Many of l^em hibernate at the bot- 

 toms of shallow ponds and awake there ; but others 

 hibernate in holes on land and must awake, dig out 

 and make this excursion to the water-party. It is an 

 instinct in most animals below the mammals to at- 

 tempt to rear their young in the place where they 

 themselves were hatched. "We see this very strikingly 

 4 



