blacker, and more glossed with green and 

 purple. 



■[•4c. Cathartes aura iota Molina, Saggio St. N. 

 Chile, pp. 235, 343 (1786). [" ChUe " type 

 loc. subst. Concepcion^, Chile.] 

 Southern Turkey- Vulture. 



Smaller than typical form ; wing ad. 486- 

 500 ; head and neck " pink in life " 

 (Sharpe) ; median wing coverts and secon- 

 daries very distinctly shaded and edged 

 with whitish ashy. 



Falkland Is., 

 Magellan Str., 

 Patagonia, 

 Chile, N. at 

 least to 

 Concepcion. 



5. Cathartes ruficollis Spix, Av. Bras, i., p. 2, 

 1824. [Interior Bahia et Piauhy.] 

 Yellow-headed Turkey- Vulture. 

 [ == C. urubitinga, Pelz. & C. perniger, 

 Sharpe. J 



Wing ad. 481-500 mm. ; occiput blue, rest 

 of head yellow, neck orange ; iris carmine ; 

 entire plumage glossy black (including 

 wing coverts) ; shafts to outer primaries 

 above and below white. ^ 



Eastern 

 S. America 

 (Surinam, Brit. 

 Guiana, Vene- 

 zuela, Amazonia 

 Brazil, N. 

 Argentina). 



Gen. V. GYMNOGYPS Lesson (1842). 

 Type by mon. Vultur californicus Sh. 



Head without caruncle ; tail square. 



1 An example from this locality agreeing well with Falkland Is. birds is in the 

 Tring Mus. 



'' This yellow-headed and entirely black S. American bird seems to constitute 

 a distinct species from the aura group. Ir is the urubitinga of Pelzeln and Sharpe's 

 perniger is undoubtedly a synonym. His type was from N. side of River Amazon 

 (Wallace) and was only distinguished by the shafts of primaries being brown above, 

 but although shafts in old birds of ruficollis are generally white they are not invari- 

 ably so, and I have seen N. American examples of C. aura aura with white shafts. 

 Cory, speaking of Bahama birds, says they are yellowish externally in vrinter. In 

 Tring Museum are examples with both brown and white shafts from Venezuela of 

 the yellow-headed bird ; also an undoubted example from Morovi, Chaco, Argentina. 



