no 



scapulars and tail blackish-brown, latter 

 with fulvous tip and obsolete ashy bars. 

 Immature ashy-brown, tail darker, with 

 terminal band of fawn ; wing with 2 Hght 

 ochreous bars. 



fl87a. Aquila nipalensis orientalis Cab., J. f. 0. 

 1854, p. 369, note. [Sarepia, Volga.] 

 Western Steppe Eagle. 



Smaller ; wing S 520-560, $ 580-610 mm. 



Steppes of S.E 

 Europe and W. 

 Asia ; in winter 

 to Palestine and 

 Sudan. 



■fl88. Aquila rapax rapax (Temm.) 

 Hvr. 76, pi. 455 (1828). [Pte. 

 I'Afnque.] 

 Tawny Eagle. 



PI. Col., 

 met id. de 



Wing cj 508, ? 558 mm. ; general colour 

 above and below tawny to rufous brown ; 

 head and neck somewhat marked with 

 darker brown ; scapulars and wing-coverts 

 darker brown, blotched with pale brown ; 

 quills and tail blackish-brown, with indica- 

 tions of greyish bars ; under parts streaked 

 with darker brown. Immature tawny, 

 tail brown tipped with fulvous. 



Africa, from 

 Cape Colony 

 N. to C. and E. 

 Africa and 

 Angola. 



fl88a. Aquila rapax albicans (Riipp.), Neue \\'ir- 

 belt, p. 34, pi. 13 (1835). [Pwv. Simien, 

 Abys.] 

 Riippell's Tawny Eagle. 



Wing <? 490-520, $ 520-560 mm. ; adult 

 rather darker brown ; immature general 

 colour pale clay or ochraceous colour. 



N.E. Africa 

 (Abysinia, 

 Erythrsea, 

 Somaliland, 

 Kordofan) ; 

 S.W. Arabia. 



tl88b. Aquila rapax vindhiana Frankl. P.Z.S., 

 pt. 1, p. 114 (1831). [Vindhya Mtns., 

 Central India.] 

 Indian Tawny Eagle. 



Indian 



Peninsula and 

 Himalayas ; 

 Persian 

 Baluchistan. 



