A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE 



minister for nearly fifty years, became one of the most 

 influential men in Liverpool.'" This chapel was burnt 

 down in 1840, and the present building erected. 

 Seceders from All Saints' Church in 1800 met for 

 worship in Maguire Street and Cockspur Street, and 

 in 1803 built Bethesda Chapel in Hotham Street; 

 from this they moved in 1837 to Everton Crescent."*" 



Burlington Street Chapel was bought as an exten- 

 sion by the Crescent congregation in 1859 ; about 

 1890 it was weakened by a division, most of the 

 congregation assembling in Albert Hall for worship ; 

 this is now recognized as a Congregational meeting, 

 but Burlington Street was worked for a time as a 

 mission by the Huyton Church.'*^ 



The Welsh Congregationalists have a chapel in 

 Grove Street, in place of Salem Chapel, Brownlow 

 Hill,*'* given up in 1868. Formerly they had one in 

 Great Crosshall Street, built in 1 8 1 7, but the congre- 

 gation has migrated to Kirkdale and Everton. 



In Elizabeth Street is a United Free Gospel 

 Church, built in 1871 to replace one of 1845 as an 

 Independent Methodist Church. 



The Calvinistic Methodists, the most powerfiil 

 church in Wales, are naturally represented in Liver- 

 pool, where Welshmen are very numerous. The first 

 chapel was built in Pall Mall in 1787, and rebuilt in 

 1 8 16, but demolished to make way for the enlarge- 

 ment of Exchange Station in 1878, a new one in 

 Crosshall Street taking its place."° There are others 

 in Chatham Street and Catherine Street built in 1861 

 and 1872 respectively ; at the latter the services are 

 in English. 



The Society of Friends had a meeting-place in 

 Hackins Hey as early as 1 706, by Quakers' Alley ; 

 this remained standing until 1863. The place of 

 meeting was removed to Hunter Street in 1790 ; this 

 continues in use.*" 



The Moravians held services ' for many years ' in 

 the Religious Tract Society's rooms. 



The Berean Universalist Church was opened in 1 8 J I 

 in Crown Street, but had only a short existence.*" 



The Bethel Union, an undenominational evange- 

 listic association for the benefit of sailors, maintains 

 several places of worship near the docks.*" 



The Young Men's Christian Association has a large 

 institute in Mount Pleasant, opened in 1877. 



It has been shown above that Nonconformity was 

 strong in the town after 1662. A chapel was built 

 in Castle Hey, and the minister of Toxteth Park is 

 said to have preached there on alternate Sundays 

 from 1689.*'° This was replaced by Benn's Gardens 

 Chapel in 1727, from which the congregation, which 

 had become Unitarian, moved to Renshaw Street in 

 181 1, and from this recently to UUet Road, Toxteth. 

 Another Protestant Nonconformist chapel was built 

 in Key Street in 1707 ; in this case also the congre- 

 gation became Unitarian.*" A new chapel in Paradise 

 Street replaced it in 1 79 1, and a removal to Hope 

 Street was made in 1 849, the abandoned building 

 being turned by its new owners into a theatre. The 

 Octagon Chapel in Temple Court was used from 

 1762 to 1776 to meet a desire for liturgical services, 

 the organ being used ; but it proved a failure and 

 was sold to the Rev. W. Plumbe, Rector of Aughton, 

 who preached in it as St. Catherine's. The Uni- 

 tarians have a mission room in Bond Street.*" 



The Christadelphians formerly (1868-78) had a 

 meeting-place in Gill Street. 



The Catholic Apostolic Church (Irvingite) was 

 built in 1856. The choir is a rich specimen of 

 flamboyant Gothic. 



The ancient religion appears to have been stamped 

 out very quickly in Liverpool, which became a 

 decidedly Protestant town, and there is scarcely even 

 an incidental allusion to its existence *" until the 

 beginning of the 1 8th century. Spellow and Aig- 

 burth were the nearest places at which mass could 

 occasionally be heard in secret. Fr. William Gilli- 



^^^ His biography was written by his 

 son, Thomas Stamford Raffles, who was 

 for many years the stipendiary magistrate 

 of Liverpool j see also Diet. Nat. Biofr. 

 Dr. RafHes was born in London in 1788, 

 educated at Homerton College, LL.D. 

 Aberdeen 1820, died 18 Aug. 1863, and 

 was buried in the Necropolis. 



8^2 Salem Chapel in Russell Street was 

 used from 1808 to 1 81 2 by seceders 

 from Bethesda. 



^3 Gloucester Street Chapel was occu- 

 pied by Congregationalists from 1827 to 

 1 840, when it became St. Simon's 

 Church. 



SS'i Salem Chapel in Brownlow Hill was 

 bought in 1868 by the Crescent congrega- 

 tion, and occupied until 1892. It is now 

 a furniture store. 



886 In 1825 they had two chapels, in 

 Pall Mall and Great Crosshall Street ; in 

 1852 they had four, in Prussia Street (i.e. 

 Pall Mall), Rose Place (built 1826), Bur- 

 lington Street, and Mulberry Street (built 

 1 841). The last-named, having been re- 

 placed by the Chatham Street Chapel, was 

 utilized as Turkish baths. Burlington 

 Street seems to have been removed to 

 Cranmer Street, built in i860, now dis- 

 used. The Rose Place Chapel was at the 

 corner of Comus Street ; it seems to have 

 been disused about 1866, a new one in 

 Fitzclarence Street taking its place. 



887 The old meeting-house had a burial 

 ground attached. The building was used 



as a school from 1796 to 1863, when it 

 was sold and pulled down. 



888 Its minister was Dr. David Thom, 

 whose essay on the migration of churches 

 has been frequently quoted in these notes. 

 He had been minister of the Scotch Church 

 in Rodney Street, but seceded ; in 1843 

 he had a congregation in a chapel in Bold 

 Street. 



889 The society had a floating mission 

 vessel, the ^;7//flffj, in the Salthouse Dock 

 in 1821. Afterwards three buildings on 

 shore were substituted, in Wapping, Bath 

 Street, and Norfolk Street. 



890 Hut. MSS. Com. Rep. xW, App. iv, 

 231 ; the 'new chapel in the Castle Hey 

 in Liverpool ' and Toxteth Park Chapel 

 were licensed *for Samuel Angier and his 

 congregation.' See also Peet, Liverpool 

 in the Reign of Queen Anne, 100. Castle 

 Hey is now called Harrington Street. 



891 For the Unitarian churches see 

 Trans. Hist, Soc, v, 9-23, 51 ; Nightin- 

 gale, op. cit. vi, 110. 



892 Ibid. 



89^ In the catalogue of burials at the 

 Harkirk in Little Crosby is the following : 

 '1615, May 20. Anne the wife of 

 George Webster of Liverpool (tenant of 

 Mr. Crosse) died a Catholic, and being 

 denied burial at the chapel of Liverpool 

 by the curate there, by the Mayor, and 

 by Mr. Moore, was buried ' ; Crosby Rec. 

 (Chet. Soc), 72. The Crosse family did 

 not change their religious profession at 



50 



once, for in 1628 John Crosse of Liver- 

 pool, as a convicted recusant, paid double 

 to the subsidy ; Norris D. (B.M.). 



John Sinnot, an Irishman, who died at 

 his house in Liverpool, had been refused 

 burial on account of his religion in 1613 ; 

 Crosby Rec. 70. 



The recusant roll of 1 641 contains only 

 five names, four being those of women ; 

 Trans. Hist. Soc. (new ser.), xiv, 238. 



In 1669 four 'papist recusants' were 

 presented at the Bishop of Chester's visi- 

 tation, viz. : — Breres gent., Mary wife of 

 George Brettargh, and William Fazaker- 

 ley and his wife. 



In 1683 there were thirty-five persons, 

 including Richard Lathom, presented for 

 being absent from church, and in the fol- 

 lowing year thirty-nine ; Picton's Munic. 

 Rec. i, 330. The revival of presentations 

 was no doubt due to the Protestant and 

 Whig agitation of the time. James II 

 endeavoured to mitigate the effects of it ; 

 in 1686, being 'informed that Richard 

 Lathom of Liverpool, chirurgeon, and 

 Judith his wife, who keeps also a board- 

 ing-school for the education of youth at 

 Liverpool,' had been presented for ' their 

 exercising the said several vocations with- 

 out licence, by reason of their religion 

 (being Roman Catholics),' and being 

 assured of their loyalty, he authorized 

 them to continue, remitted penalties in- 

 curred, and forbade further interference ; 

 ibid, i, 256, 



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