A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE 



About 1619 this, or part of it, was sold to James 

 Chetham of Crumpsall.*' 



Apart from the families named, little is known of 

 the early landowners.*^ Allen of Broughton recorded 

 a pedigree in 1665."* In 1798 Samuel Clowes paid 

 three-fifths of the land-tax, and a small additional 

 sum in conjunction with Elizabeth Byrom, whose 

 separate estate was but small.*' The Protestation of 

 1 64 1 found eighty-three adherents.** 



In 1836-9 St. John the Evangelist's was built for 

 the worship of the Established Church ; *' St. Paul's, 

 Kersal Moor, followed in 1852 ; '" and to these have 

 been added the churches of the Ascension, Lower 

 Broughton, in 1869 ;" St. James, Higher Broughton, 

 in 1879 ;" and St. Clement, Lower Broughton, in 

 1881.'^ The residence of the Bishops of Manchester, 

 Irnown as Bishop's Court, was fixed in Broughton by 

 Bishop Eraser. 



The Wesleyan Methodists have four churches in 

 Higher and Lower Broughton," the Primitive 

 Methodists one, and the Methodist New Connexion 

 also one, called Salem. The Baptists have a church 

 in Great Clowes Street, 1868 ; and the Congrega- 

 tionalists one in Broughton Park, an ofishoot of 

 Richmond Chapel, Salford, in 1874-5." The 

 Presbyterian Church of England has a place of 

 worship in Higher Broughton, founded in 1874. 



The Unitarians have a school chapel. The Sweden- 

 borgians have a New Jerusalem Church in Bury New 

 Road. 



For Roman Catholic worship there aie the churches 

 of St. Boniface in Lower Broughton, and St Thomas 

 of Canterbury in Higher Broughton. The latter 

 mission, which includes Cheetham, was founded in 

 1879 ; the present church dates from 1 90 1. 



There is a Greek church in Bury New Road, 

 founded in 1860.'^ 



A Jewish synagogue was opened in 1 907 in 

 Duncan Street. 



MANCHESTER 



Mamucium, Mancunium, Anton. Itin. ; Mame- 

 ceaster, Manigeceaster, A. S. Chron. 923 ; Mame- 

 cestre, Dom. Bk. ; this and Mamcestre were the 

 usual spellings till about 1450, when Manchester 

 appears.' 



The township of Manchester, bounded on three 

 sides — north, west, and south — mainly by the Irk, 

 Irwell, and Medlock, has an area of 1,646 acres, in- 

 cluding 27 acres of inland water. Formerly another 

 small brook ran westward to join the Irwell to the 

 south of the church ; ' and two others, the Tib ' and 

 Shooter,* flowed south-west, the former through the 



knight's service ; also three burgages &c. 

 and a house called a Cockpit place in 

 Manchester, of Lord La Warre by a rent 

 of zzd. His son and heir William was 

 nineteen years of age ; Duchy of Lane. 

 Inq. p.m. xi, 53 5 Court Leet Rec, i, 52 ; 

 Def. Keeper's Rep. xxxix, App. 558. A 

 settlement of the estate in Kersal and 

 Manchester was made by William Ravald 

 in 1566 ; the remainders were to his 

 wife Katherine for life, to his issue, to his 

 sister Elizabeth wife of Edward Siddall, 

 and to Robert Ravald of Kersal ; Pal. of 

 Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 28, m. 236. 



William Ravald of Kersal died in 1587, 

 holding lands in Kersal and Manchester 

 and leaving a son and heir William, eight 

 years old ; the Kersal lands were held by 

 the hundredth part of a knight's fee ; 

 Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. xiv, no. 23 ; 

 Court Leet Rec, ii, 8. The son came of 

 age in 1600 ; ibid, ii, 155. He died in 

 1623, holding the same estate and leaving 

 a son William, aged sixteen ; ibid, iii, 

 77 ; Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, 

 and Ches.), iii, 409. This son about 

 1635 sold part of his property in Man- 

 chester, and more in 1660; Court Leet 

 Rec. iii, 223, 228 ; iv, 260. 



Robert Ravald of Kersal, mentioned in 

 the remainders of 1566, died in 1578, 

 leaving a son and heir Robert, aged 

 fifteen ; he held a messuage and land in 

 Keraal of the queen by knight's service ; 

 Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. xii, no. 15. His 

 will is printed in Piccope, Wills, iii, 43— 

 45. Robert Ravald died in June 1629 

 holding messuages and land in Kersal 

 by the 200th part of a knight's fee ; 

 Margaret his wife survived him at Ker- 

 sal ; Robert his son and heir was twenty 

 years of age ; Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. 

 xxvii, 41. 



The Protestators of Kersal, 28 Feb. 

 1641-2, included William Ravald, William 

 Ravald (son), Richard Ravald, Robert 

 Ravald, William Ravald (Pal. Note Bk. iv, 

 125) ; and Mr. J. E. Bailey notes that 

 the first-named William was baptized in 

 1607, married in 1632 Elizabeth Bale, 



and in 1633 (on the occasion of the birth 

 of his son George) and subsequently was 

 styled 'gentleman.' Richard his son 

 was buried i Feb. 1 641-2, being described 

 as a yeoman of Broughton, Another 

 branch of the family lived in an adjoining 

 farm and comprised Robert Ravald senior, 

 his son Robert whose wife was Alice, and 

 a servant ; ibid, iv, 1 24. 



In 1642 the will of Richard Ravald of 

 Broughton, yeoman, was proved at Chester; 

 and in 1725 the will of Robert Ravald of 

 Kersal, yeoman, was proved for effects 

 under ,^40. 



The Broughton manor court records, 

 which are only extant from 1707, show that 

 Robert Ravald was then a tenant ; Samuel 

 Ravald was a juror in April 171 1, when 

 he and 'Mr. Oswald Ravald' were re- 

 turned as ' teneants newly found.' 



The surname long continued known in 

 Manchester and the neighbourhood. The 

 will of Robert Ravald, linen-draper, 17 18, 

 mentions his wife Mary, his sons John, 

 Thomas, and Robert, his brother Oswald, 

 and others. 



Elizabeth wife of John 'Raffald' of 

 the Exchange Coffee House published 

 the first Manch. Dir. in 1772 ; she also 

 wrote a book of cookery. The Experienced 

 Engl. Housekeeper, which went through 

 many editions. She died in 1781. See 

 Diet. Nat. Biog. ; Harland, Manch. Coll. 

 i, 119 ; ii, 144-73 ) P"'- ^0'^ Bk. i, 141, 

 John Raffald is said to have been a 

 Cheshire man, and not related to the 

 Manchester Ravalds. 



^* Clowes deeds. 



■■^ In 1322 Matthew de Abram and 

 Joan his wife obtained a messuage and 

 lands in Broughton from Thomas son of 

 Roger del Green ; Final Cone, ii, 46. 

 John son of Richard de Raddiffe com- 

 plained in 1332 that Adam and Richard 

 sons of Henry de Broughton and their 

 wives had carried off his goods and 

 chattels at Broughton ; De Banco R. 

 291, m, 235. 



In 1396 Hawise de Castlehill owned 

 lands in the centre of Broughton called 



222 



the KnoUes and Kyperfield, which along 

 with Ouse Croft were described as • in 

 Manchester ' and were by her granted to 

 Robert Collayne, chaplain, who thereupon 

 conveyed to Sir Richard de Holand, for 

 life. One of the witnesses was Henry de 

 Strangeways ; Harl. MS. 21 12, fol. I46d. ; 

 Mamecestre, 422 m. 465. 



John Bradshaw in 1595 purchased a 

 messuage &c, in Broughton from John 

 Oldham and Anne his wife ; Pal. of Lane. 

 Feet of F, bdle. 57, m, 57 ; see Ducatus 

 Lane. (Rec. Com.), iii, 309. 



The Bent family had an estate at 

 Kersal ; a valuation of it exists in the 

 Clowes deeds. In Manchester Cathedral 

 is a monumental inscription of Edward 

 Bent of Kersal, who died in 1719, 



«a Dugdale, Fisit. 2, 



^7 Returns at Preston. 



"8 Pa/. Note Bk. iv, 123. 



^^ A district was assigned in 1 840, and 

 reformed in 1854; Land. Gam. 15 June 

 1854. 



^ For district see ibid, Edwin Waugh 

 is buried in the churchyard, 



" Ibid. 7 June 1870, 



62 Ibid, 22 Aug, 1879, 



« Ibid, 29 July 1881, 



'* That in Lower Broughton was built 

 in 1869. 



'' Nightingale, Lanes. Nonconf. v, 195. 



'* A church in Waterloo Road, Strange- 

 ways, had been opened in 1849. 



^ On the ancient name see Engl. Hist. 

 Rev. XV, 495. 



2 See a former note on Hanging Bridge. 



" An official description of the course 

 of this concealed stream is given in 

 Manch. Guardian N. and Q. no. 413 : 

 roughly its course is parallel to Mosley 

 Street on the east side. It joins the 

 Medlock to the west of the Gaythorn 

 Gasworks. It was Covered over in 1783. 



* This brook forms part of the boundary 

 between Newton and Ancoats ; then 

 flows south-west, crossing London Road 

 at the junction of Store Street, and join- 

 ing the Medlock near the west end of 

 Granby Row. 



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