SALFORD HUNDRED 



MANCHESTER 



Roman Catholic worship in recent times began in 

 1851 in a chapel formed out of two cottages. The 

 church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, built in 

 1855," has now (1908) been replaced by a. larger 

 one. There is a convent of the Good Shepherd, 

 occupying Litchford Hall. 



CHEETHAM 



Chatham, 121 2 and usually; Chetam, 1276; 

 Cheteham, 1590 ; Cheetham, xvi cent. 



This township, on the western bank of the Irk, 

 has an extreme length of nearly 2 miles, and an area 

 of 9 1 9 acres. The high land in the northern part slopes 

 down to the Irk, and more gradually to the south, 

 where the Irwell is the boundary for a short distance. 

 The district called Cheetham Hill is partly in this 

 township and partly in Crumpsall and Broughton ; 

 Smedley is to the east of it, near the Irk ; Stocks, a 

 name which can be traced back to 1599, *' °° '^^ 

 border of Manchester, north of Red Bank ; and Peel, 

 an old house, formerly moated, is close by.' Cheet- 

 wood occupies the southern half of the township,' in 

 which also lies Strangeways. Alms Hill, or Ormsell, 

 lies to the west of Smedley. The population of 

 Cheetham and Crumpsall was 49,942 in 1 90 1. 



The district is now entirely urban, being a suburb 

 of Manchester. The principal roads are those from 

 Manchester to Bury, the older one going northward 

 through the middle of the township, and the newer 

 and more direct one near its south-west border. The 

 latter follows the line of the Roman road from Man- 

 chester to Ribchester. The Lancashire and Yorkshire 

 Company's Manchester and Bury line runs near the 

 eastern border, by the Irk, and a branch to Oldham 

 separates from it ; Victoria Station, Manchester, the 

 head of the company's system, lies in this township 

 at the junction of the Irk with the Irwell.' 



Some neolithic implements have been found.* 



The hearth tax returns of 1666 show that there 

 were seventy hearths liable in the township. The 

 largest houses were those of John Hartley, John 

 Symon, and Edward Chetham, with thirteen, seven, 

 and six hearths respectively." A Cheetham halfpenny 

 token was issued in 1668.* 



On the incorporation of Manchester in 1838 

 Cheetham became part of the new borough. It 

 ceased to be a township in 1896, being absorbed in 

 the new township of North Manchester. 



A workhouse adjoins the railway station. The 

 principal buildings in the township are the assize 

 courts, with large gaol adjoining, on the site of 

 Strangeways Hall. The other public buildings in- 

 clude a town hall, erected in 1855, fire police 

 station, free library 1878, assembly rooms, and baths, 

 also the Northern Hospital. There is a small modern 

 park. A wholesale fish-market was opened at Strange- 

 ways in 1867, but is now given up. The industries 

 include breweries, bleach and dye works, and many 

 smaller industries carried on by Jews. The unoccu- 

 pied land is utilized for brick-making. On Cheetham 

 Hill there are children's homes. 



Maria Therlson Longworth, authoress, was born at 

 Cheetwood in 1832 ; she died in Natal, 1881.' 

 Jessie Fothergill, novelist, was born at Cheetham 

 Hill in 1851, and died at Berne in 1891.' 



In 121 2 Roger de Middleton held a 

 MANOR ploughland in CHEETHAM of the king 

 in chief in thegnage by the annual service 

 of a mark, and Henry de Chetham held it under 

 Roger." The mesne lordship of the Middleton 

 family quickly disappeared," and in later times 

 Cheetham was said to be held directly of the king as 

 Duke of Lancaster by the Chethams " and their 

 successors. Sir Geoffrey de Chetham appears all 

 through the middle of the 13 th century, and was 

 evidently a man of consequence." After his time the 

 manor is found to be held by the Pilkingtons," the 



8^ Booker, op. cit. no. 



1 For the Peel see Procter, Manch, 

 Streets, 281-Z. By hU will in 1806 

 John Ridings charged his tenement called 

 Stocks and Peel, held of Lord Derby by 

 lease, with ^250, These notes are due to 

 Mr. Crofton. 



^ For Miss Beswick of Cheetwood see 

 N. and Q. (Ser. 2), xi, 157. 



^ The station was opened in 1844, and 

 the lines from Liverpool and from Leeds 

 connected there. It was enlarged in 1 8 84. 

 The site was previously a cemetery 

 (Walker's Croft), opened in 18 15. 



* Lanes, and Ches, Antii. Soe. x, 251. 



> Subs. R. bdle. 250, no. 9. 



^ Lanes, and Ches. Antiq. Soe. v, 76. 



8 Diet. Nat. Siog. ' Ibid. 



^•^ Lanes, Inq. and Extents (Rec. Soc. 

 Lanes, and Ches.), i, 66. 



^^ Roger de Middleton occurs again in 

 1226 ; ibid. 137. See a later note, and 

 Dods. MSS. cxxxi, fol. 38. 



Henry de Chetham in 1212 also 

 held 4 oxgangs of land in chief ; Lanes. 

 Inq. and Extents, i, 70. From the 

 accounts of Moston and other townships 

 it will be seen that he inherited or ac- 

 quired, probably by marriage, a portion of 

 the estates of Orm de Ashton. He at- 

 tested Audenshaw and Swinton charters ; 

 Farrer, Lanes. Pipe R. 3295 Whalley 

 Couch. (Chet. Soc), 905. In 1227 he 

 went on pilgrimage to Jerusalem ; Col. 

 Pat. 1225-32, p. 126. 



^^ The evidence has been collected by 

 Mr. E. Axon in his Cbet. Gen. (Chet. 

 Soc), 1-4. 



^' He was sheriff in 1260 ; P.R,0. 

 List, 72. 



In 1235, perhaps on succeeding, he 

 procured an acknowledgement of his right 

 to Cheetham from Robert de Middleton, 

 he paying a mark yearly at four terms ; 

 Final Cone. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), 

 i, 59. A year later he complained that 

 Robert, as mesne, had not acquitted him 

 of the services due to the chief lords. 

 Robert thereupon resigned his mesne 

 lordship to Geoffrey, and as compensation 

 for loss granted him an estate in Ash- 

 worth ; ibid, i, 74. In 1241 Geoffrey 

 and Margaret [Grelley] his wife were 

 concerned in a moiety of Allerton ; ibid, 

 i, 91 ; and see also Ahbrev. Plac. (Rec. 

 Com.), 130 (1253), and Cur. Reg. R. 160, 

 m. 33 (1258) for other Allerton suits. 



In 1254, on a certain Saturday, people 

 coming to the market at Manchester 

 were overheard by Thomas Grelley's 

 bailiff saying that they had heard dogs in 

 the park (probably Blackley) ; the bailiff 

 accordingly went there and found Geoffrey 

 de Chetham's dog herding a number of 

 animals, and thereupon the bailiff ' did as 

 he could ' ; Lanes. Inq. and Extents, i, 193. 



He purchased from Adam de Windle 

 land in Gartside which he afterwards re- 

 sold to him ; Whalley Couch, i, 164. To 

 Cockersand Abbey he granted a rent of 



259 



21. from hit vill of Cheetham : Cockersand 

 Chart. (Chet. Soc), ii, 725. 



He died between Pentecost 1271 

 {fyhalley Couch, iii, 886, 888) and 1274, 

 when William de Hacking and others 

 made claim against his widow Margery 

 concerning lands in Crompton, Manches- 

 ter, and Sholver ; Dep, Keeper's Rep. xliii, 

 App. 1,425. 



His widow, as Margery Grelley, was in 

 1276 acquitted of the charge of disseising 

 Thomas son of John de Manchester of 

 3 J acres in Cheetham, which Geoffrey had 

 demised to Master John, father of the 

 plaintiff ; Assize R. 405, m. 3 d. 



John Grelley and Henry de Chetham 

 were defendants to a charge of assault at 

 Chorltonin 1275 ; CoramRege R. i8,m.8. 



^* The precise mode of descent is un- 

 known. It is supposed {Chet. Gen. 2, 3) 

 that two sisters of Geoffrey de Chetham 

 married the heads of the Pilkington and 

 Trafford families. In 1278 William del 

 Hacking and Christiana his wife (said to 

 be widow of Richard de Trafford) ac- 

 knowledged various tenements in Lanca- 

 shire, including moieties of the manors of 

 Cheetham and Crompton, to be the right 

 of Geoffrey de Chadderton ; and it seems 

 clear, from the accompanying fine relating 

 to the* inheritance' of Henry de Trafford, 

 that the former were the inheritance of 

 Christiana; Final. Cone, i, 153—5. 



Roger de Pilkington in 1291 had a 

 grant of free warren in Cheetham among 



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