FILARIID^ 253 



the slaughterhouses of St. Louis, Chicago, South Omaha, and Kansas 

 City, and has also been collected at Benning, D. C, and Bethesda, Md. 



"Specimens of hogs' stomachs received from Chicago showed the 

 worms deeply fastened in the submucosa or embedded in necrotic tissue 

 near which were deep ulcers. The condition suggested infection with 

 Bacillus necrophorus, the inoculation with which might easily result from 

 the burrowing of the worms; however, owing to the sterile condition of 

 the specimens received, this could not be satisfactorily demonstrated. 

 A similar diseased condition of the stomachs of hogs in Europe is attrib- 

 uted by Von R^tz to infection with Arduenna strongylina. Under the 

 circumstances the worm should be regarded with grave suspicion, and 

 general prophylactic measures for the prevention of the spread of the 

 infection are suggested. 



"Commonly associated with Arduenna strongylina in this country is 

 another worm, identified as Physocephalus sexalatus, first described by 

 Mohn from specimens from the peccary (Dicotyles labiatus) from Brazil; 

 also found by him associated with Ardy£nna strongylina from the wild 

 boar in Germany. It is also reported by Von Listow (who apparently 

 mistook this species for Arduenna strongylina) and Plana, from Europe, 

 and by Railliet and Henry from Madagascar and Indo-China, in the 

 former case associated with a severe gastritis. Seurat (1912) has re- 

 cently reported this species from the ass and dromedary in Algeria, but 

 his statements would seem to require confirmation. 



"According to the writers' experience, Physocephalus sexalatus is 

 almost as widely distributed as Arduenna strongylina, since out of eight 

 lots of specimens of the latter species, specimens of Physocephalus sexala- 

 tus were found in all but one. In a mixed infection, however, it has 

 never been found as abundantly as Arduenna strongylina. This worm 

 has apparently the same habit of injuring the mucosa as has Arduenna 

 strongylina,, as both species were found ia the same necrotic tissue in a 

 hog's stomach. It must therefore be considered only less dangerous 

 because it is less abundant, and should be subject to the same treatment 

 suggested for infestation with Arduenna strongylina." 



Control. — As that part of the parasite's life history external to the 

 host is not known, no more than general preventive measures can be 

 recommended. The author quoted abova suggests the following: 



"1. Hogs suffering from loss of appetite or failing to fatten under 

 proper food and hygiene should be examined for evidence of infection by 

 killing one or two and looking in the stomach for worms; or, where 

 practicable, the feces of the entire herd may be examined microscopically. 



"2. Those swine found infested with stomach worms should be 

 isolated from noninfec^ed or presumably noninfected swine in clean 

 pens, and the dung retnoved daily and mixed with quicklime or dis- 

 posed of by carting it to places to which hogs do not have access. 



