254 PARASITES OF THE DOMESTIC ANIMALS 



"3. The noninfected swine should not be allowed to remain in the 

 same pens formerly occupied by the infested animals, but should have 

 clean quarters. The old pens should be thoroughly disinfected with lime 

 after removing the dung and burning over the ground where feasible." 



Treatment. — Treatment in such infection is mainly prophylactic. 

 As a medicinal remedy, probably benzine is one of the best. It may be 

 given in two to four dram doses in milk, administered as recommended in 

 the treatment for ascarids. Areca nut, one grain per pound of body- 

 weight, may be, given in the same manner. 



FiLARiiD.^ OF Chickens 



Of the filarise harbored by poultry, four species may be mentioned 

 here. As to the first three at least, there is little of record in this country. 



1. Dispharagus spiralis. Filariidse (p. 244). — The body is generally 

 rolled spirally. There are three papillae around the mouth. The tail 

 of the male is spiral and is provided with wings. There is but one 

 spicule. The female is 9 mm. (3/8 of an inch) and the male is 7 mm. 

 (5/16 of an inch) in length. 



This species lives in the wall of the esophagus and intestines of poultry. 



2. Dispharagus hamulosus. Filariidse (p. 244). — The body has 

 eight denticulated longitudinal wings. The female is 16-25 mm. (5/8- 

 1 inch) and the male is 14 mm. (9/16 of an inch) in length. 



This worm has been found in Brazil and in Italy. It is parasitic in 

 the gizzard of fowls. 



3. Dispharagus nasutus. Filariidse (p. 244). — The body is slightly 

 attenuated at its extremities. There are two long terminal papillae 

 on each side of the mouth, from which two flexuous wings have their 

 beginning. These pass to a distance of 0.6 mm., then curve forward. 

 The male is filiform, with caudal extremity spiral. There are two 

 unequal spicules. The vulva of the female is in the anterior portion of 

 the body. The female is 5-9 mm. (3/16-3/8 of an inch) and the male 

 is 5 mm. in length. 



It inhabits the gizzard of fowls. 



4. Tetrameres fissispina (Tropisurus fissispinus). Filariidse (p. 244). 

 — This species is characterized by a marked sexual dimorphism. The 

 male is white, slender, 3-6 mm. (1/8-1/4 of an inch) in length, and bears 

 upon the median and lateral lines spines forming four longitudinal series. 

 The body of the female is subglobular, 2 mm. in length by 1-2 mm. (in 

 width; reddish in color; tail short and conical. 



The species is found in the proventriculus of the domestic duck where 

 it inhabits submucous cysts and may set up a serioys inflammation of 

 these parts. It is said to be quite common in parts of New York State, 

 and it is probable that it exists in other localities. 



