266 PARASITES OF THE DOMESTIC ANIMALS 



to the anterior portions of the lungs, the more deeply lodged parasites 

 remaining unaffected. Furthermore, where an air passage is occluded 

 by a mucus plug and mass of worms, the remedy will not pass beyond 

 the obstruction and, therefore, cannot reach the further ramifications of 

 the passage. 



Probably aqueous solutions for intratracheal injection have an ad- 

 vantage in more readily becoming diffused. Oily preparations do not 

 penetrate so deeply nor do they mix with the mucus. On the other hand, 

 it is to be said in their favor that they are not so readily absorbed as 

 aqueous solutions and remain in the air passages longer. The use of 

 both aqueous and oily mixtures conjointly might well be reconimended. 



Among the numerous formulae for intratracheal injection the following 

 may be mentioned; (1) Iodine two parts, iodide of potassium ten parts, 

 distilled water one hundred parts. Mix and make into an emulsion with 

 equal parts of oil of turpentine and olive oil. Give one to two drams to 

 each sheep; calves three to four drams. Two injections with an interval 

 of two days may be sufficient. (2) One per cent, aqueous solution of 

 carbolic acid. Sheep one to one and a half drams, calves three to five 

 drams. Inject once daily for several successive days. (3) Creolin five 

 parts, oil of tupentine and olive oil of each fifty parts. Sheep one to 

 one and a half drams, calves three and a half to five drams. Inject once 

 daily for three successive days. (4) Creosote twenty parts, oil of amyg- 

 dala one hundred parts. Calves one to one and a half drams. Inject 

 once daily for four days. 



The intratracheal injections should be made slowly with a curved 

 needle of large caliber or with a curved trochar. Previous to the opera- 

 tion the wool should be shaved or closely cUpped from the region. The 

 needle should enter between the tracheal rings, preferably after a small 

 incision has been made in the skin. 



Based on experiments which they carried on for over one year (1914), 

 involving about two hundred and fifty animals, Herms and Freeborn 

 concluded that chloroform administered nasally is, under proper condi- 

 tions, a valuable method of treatment. The chloroform is introduced 

 first into one nostril, then into the other, with an all glass syringe or 

 medicine dropper in doses sufficient to nearly anaesthetize the animal, or, 

 in other words, until it becomes "groggy." The dosage required for 

 this will depend upon the animal's susceptibility, and therefore cannot 

 be exactly given. It is stated as varying from twenty-three to forty-six 

 drops for angora goats, and from sixty to one hundred and sixty-five 

 drops for calves, one-half the quantity in each nostril. The treatment is 

 to be repeated at five or six day intervals until recovery, which, under 

 good conditions of food and shelter, should not require more than three 

 injections. Experiments by the investigators mentioned have shown 

 that, while the worms were not killed immediately, death and disin- 



