278 PARASITES OF THE DOMESTIC ANIMALS 



a funnel inserted at one end and a four to six inch piece of metal tubing 

 inserted in the other end, the metal tube to be placed in the animal's 

 mouth between the molar teeth. The funnel may be held by an assistant 

 or fastened to a post while receiving the liquid, the flow of which may be 

 controlled by pinching the rubber tube near the insertion of the metal 

 piece. The dosage for each sheep should be carefully measured accord- 

 ing to age, and care taken to lower the head at once upon entrance of 

 the liquid into the larynx, this often a result of holding the head too high 

 and indicated by coughing. 



Among the remedies used for the expulsion of stomach worms may 

 be mentioned (1) copper sulfate, (2) gasoline, and (3) coal-tar creosote. 

 An objection to the last named is its variable composition, the substance 

 not infrequently sold under the name of coal-tar creosote being quite 

 unreliable for the purpose here considered. Copper sulfate has received 

 high recommendation and is extensively used in the sheep flocks of 

 South Africa. It may be prepared and given as follows: 



Dissolve 1/4 of a pound (avoirdupois) of clear blue crystals of copper 

 sulfate in one pint of boiling water, having first crushed the crystals in 

 a mortar to a fine powder. In making the solution use a porcelain or 

 enamel-ware vessel as the bluestone will corrode most metals. Add to 

 this solution enough cold water to make it up to three gallons, using 

 non-metallic receptacles. This will make an approximate one per cent, 

 solution, and, allowing for waste, will be enough for the treatment of 

 about one hundred adult sheep. 



The dosage is to be graded according to age as follows : 



Lambs 3 months to 1 year old 5 drains to 1 1/2 oz. (20-50 cc). 



Sheep over 1 year old 2 to 3 oz. (64 to 96 cc). 



Calves 3 to 4 oz. (96 to 128 cc). 



Yearling cattle 6 oz. (192 cc). 



The animals should receive no water at any time during the day they 

 are dosed. 



Where the stomach worm exists in a flock, it has been suggested as a 

 control measure to give 50 cc. of a one per cent, solution of copper 

 sulfate every month or so except during the winter in climates where 

 the winter is freezing. 



Gasoline has afforded a convenient remedy, but, for reasons which 

 need not be gone into here, the conamercial gasoline of the present time 

 is unsuitable for this purpose. Under such conditions only the official 

 purified gasoline (benzinum purificatum, U. S. P.) should be used. At 

 best, however, gasoline is probably less satisfactory for the purpose 

 than copper sulfate; furthermore, to be effectual, the gasoline treatment 

 must be repeated upon three consecutive days. 



In the preparation for the administration of gasoline withhold water 



