50 OBJECT LESSONS IN BOTANY. 
or corolla they are said to be perigynous (a Greek word, 
meaning “around the pistil”). Otherwise, when free, they 
are said to be hypégynous, meaning “ under the pistil.” 
84. Now study attentively these figures, or rather, the 
flowers themselves. The figures are sections, ¢. ¢., show the 
flowers as if split. Fig. 182 (the Violet) shows the stamens 
hypogynous and the organs all free. Fig. 133 (the Pear; 
shows the stamens perigynous, adhering to the calyx. Fig. 
181 (the Saxifrage) shows the stamens perigynous and the 
calyx halfadherent. Do not fail to examine many flowers 
until these troublesome terms become familiar, for these 
distinctions are very important. 
LESSON XIV. 
FORMS OF PERIANTH. 
85. Waite all flowers agree in certain general characteris- 
tics, so that you are never at a loss to recognize any one of 
them as a flower, yet in form and fashion they appear in 
infinite variety, each form endowed with its own peculiar 
grace. It is impossible to describe or name every form, but 
we will endeavor to reduce them to a few classes of forms. 
86. Notice first that all forms are either polypetalous or 
gamopetalous, as already described (§ 75). Again, they are 
either regular or trregular. Compare the flower of Flax 
83. When are the stamens said to be perigynous? When hypogynous? 
84. How are they in Saxifrage? in Pear? in the Rose? the Violet? 
86. What is the first division of the corolla forms? What is the second 
division? When is a flower said to be regular? irregular? 
