58 OBJECT LESSONS IN BOTANY. 
175 
170 176 
Peculiar forms of stamens.—Fig. 169. A stamen of Pyrola rotundifolia: p, two 
openings (pores) at top where the pollen escapes. Fig. 170. Stamen of Bilberry 
(Vuccinininm uliginosum): p, its pores at the top of two horns; it has also two 
spurs. Fig. 171. Berberis aquifolium, anther closed. Fig. 172. Auther open by 
two lids upwards. Fig.178. Anther of Violet with an appendage at top. Fig. 174. 
Oleander,—an arrow-shaped anther appendaged at top. Fig. 175. Catalpa,—lobes 
of anther separated. Fig. 176. Sage,—lobes of anther widely separated on stipes; 
b, barren lobe without pollen. ig. 177. Mallows,—anther one-celled. Jig. 178. 
Ephedra,—anther four-celled. 
anthers of Huckleberry, Blueberry, Wintergreen, and others 
of the Heath family, open through two little tubes at the top. 
The former is opercudar dehiscence, the latter porous. (See 
Figs. 169, 170.) 
105. It is also interesting to notice how the anther is at- 
tached to the filament in various ways. Generally, it is 
innate, that is, seeming to stand erect on the top of the fila- 
ment. Again, it is adnate, which means, attached by its 
back to the side of the filament, as in Buttereups. And 
thirdly, it is joined by a single point in its back to the slender 
tip of the filament, as if lightly balanced upon it. This is the 
versatile anther, common in the Grasses (Figs. 150, 166). -— 
105. What three distinctions in the attachment of the anther? Describe 
that of the stamens of the Pink ; the stamens of Buttercups ; of the Grasses. 
