90 OBJECT LESSONS IN BOTANY. 
opening by two valves (Fig. 286). Such a pod is sometimes 
divided crosswise by joints (as in Fig. 287, Desmodium); we 
then call it a Zoment. 
181. Siligue is a two- carpeled pod, such \) 
as we find in Mustard. It has two cells, 
separated by a thin partition, and two 
rows of seeds (Fig. 291). A short silique, or 
one not much longer than wide, such as 
we find in Pepper-grass or Shepherd’s-purse 
(Fig. 288), is called a sidicle. (See Fig. 290). 
182. Capsule (the word means casket). 
This name is applied to all 
other forms of dry, compound 
fruits, formed of several unit- 
ed carpels. In opening, they 
, commonly split into several valves, as in Iris; 
Hig. 280. Silicle oy divide into several parts (carpels) like so 
of Draba (en- i i 
larged). many follicles, as in St. Johnswort; or they 
open by small pores, as in Poppy. 
Fig. 291. A silique,— 
fruit of Mustard. 
Fig. 292. A capsule,—fruit of 
Scrophularia ; it is two-celled, 
two-carpeled, or two-valved. 
Fig. 293. A three-celled cap- 
sule of Colchicum; it opens be- 
tween the carpels. 
Fig. 294. Capsule of Iris, open- 
ing énto the carpels: 
Fig. 295. Cross-section of the 
same, showing how it opens. 
Fig, 296. Fruit of Geranium; 
its five carpels separate, and are 
carried up on the curving styles 
(called a regma), 
181. Mustard pod; describe its structure and name. What isa silicle? 
182, What is a capsule? What three modes of opening are m 
