ABBREVIATIONS AND SIGNS, 
Often used in Descriptive Botany. 
ach., achema. 
@st,, estivation. 
alter.. alternate. 
anth., anther, 
avill., axillary. 
¢., common, 
eal.. calyx. 
Jil., filament. 
ji., flower; jis., flowers. 
JFr., fruit. 
Ad., head; hds., heads. 
hyp., hypogynous. 
tmor., imbricate, 
tnf., inferior. 
caps., capsule. invol., involucre, 
cor., corolla. irreg., irregular. 
decid., deciduous. i legume, 
pet., petals, 
r., rare, uncommon, 
reep., receptacle. 
reg., regular. 
rhiz., rhizome 
rt., root. 
sds., seeds, 
seg., segments. 
sep., sepals. 
sé., stem. 
sta., stamens. 
stig., stigmas, 
sty., styles. 
diam., diameter. , leat; dvs., leaves, 
emarg., emarginate. lfés., leaflets. 
f. or ft., feet. Ova., ovary. 
Apr., April. Aug., August. 
wl. July. Jn., June. 
September. 
Dec., December. 
Feb., February. Jan., January. 
Mar., March. Nov., ‘ ’ a 
November. Oct., October. Sepé., 
N., Northern, that is, the northern portions of the United States. 
N.-£., New England, or the Northeastern States. 
N.- W., the Northwestern States. 
£., the Eastern, or the Atlantic States. 
W., the Western, or the States bordering on the Mississippi and Obio rivera, 
H., the Middle States or portions o! the United States. 
S., the Southern States. 
S.-£., the Southeastern States, and S.- IV., the Southwestern States, 
XN. ¥, New York. Mass., Massachusetts. Pa., Pennsylvania, &c. 
f. 
é 
(with or without the period), a foot. 
(a single accent) denotes an inch (a twelfth of 1 foot). 
‘(a double accent) a second, a line (a twelfth of an inch), 
@ An annual plant. 
@® A biennial plant. 
A perennial plant. 
§ (placed after), a naturalized plant. 
t (placed after), cultivated for ornament, 
t (placed after), cultivated for use. 
2 
b A plant with a woody stem. o Indefinite or numerous. 
g A pistillate flower or plant. 6 A staminate flower or plant. 
3 A perfect flower, or a plant beamng perfect flowers. 
§ Monecious, or a plant bearing staminate and pistillate flowers. 
@ é Dicecious; pistillate and staminate flowers on separate plants. 
¢ 8 g Polygamous; the same species, with pistillate, perfect, and staminate fis, 
0 
(a cipher) signifies wanting or none, as, “ Petals 0.” 
