OrpER 1—THE CROWFOOTS. 147 
8. HEPATICA. Noble Liverwort. 
Calyx (generally called an involucre) of 3 
entire, ovate, green sepals (or bracts), situated 
a very little below the corolla. Corolla of 5-9 
petals, arranged in 2 or three rows. Achenia 
withont tails.— 2 Pretty little plants blossoming 
in early spring. Leaves all radical, thick, 
8-lobed, green through the winter. Flowers 
numerous, one on each scape, blue, roseate, or 
white. 
Fig. 871. Flower and leaf of H. triloba. 
1 H. tril’oba. Leaf-lobes and sepals obtuse. Scapes hairy, several inches high. 
2 H. acutil’oba. Leaf-lobes and sepals acute. Fis, and scapes like the other. 
4. RANUN‘CULUS. Crowfoot. Buttercups. 
Calyx of 5 ovate sepals. Corolla of 5 roundish, shining petals, each 
with a honeyed scale or pore at the base inside. Stamens 00. Achenia 
numerous, flattened, crowded in a roundish or oblong head.—A large 
genus of herbs mostly perennial (2() and with yellow flowers. Leaves di- 
vided or entire. Juice very acrid. 
§ Petals yellow. Seeds (carpels) rough with prickles. Fils. small. S....1,2 
§ Petals yellow. Seeds smooth and even ...............0005 ' a 
§ Petals white (claws yellow). Seeds wrinkled crosswise .... 
Leaves all undivided. Plants growing in wet places....5-8 
Leaves more or less divided, not growing under water....b 
a Leaves in fine, thread-like divisions, growing under water....8, 4 
b Root leaves neither divided nor cleft, merely crenate....9, 10 
pb Lower leaves 8-cleft-but not divided to the base. Height 1-2f....11-18 
pb Leaves all ternately divided and much cleft....¢ 
c Sepals reflexed in flower. Plants erect....14, 15 
ce Sepals spreading in flower, shorter than the petals... .16-18 
1 R. morica’tus, Rough yruited C. Plant smooth. Seeds with large, stout, hooked 
beaks. Sepals spreading. Leaves 8-lobed and cleft. South. 
9 R. parvifio’rus. Small-flowered C. Plant hairy. Seeds with a very short beak. 
Sepals finally reflexed. Leaves 3-lobed and cleft. South. 
8 R.aquat’ilis, [ater Crowfoot. In ponds and rivers. The white petals witha 
cavity at base. Only the flowers above water. Swmmer. 
4 R. Pursh’ii. Pursh’s Crowfoot. Instagnant water. The yellow petals with 
a scale at base. Floating leaves, 3-5-parted. Spring. 
