ORDER 70.—TUBULIFLORA, 221 
Analysis of the Genera. 
Sub-order First, TUBULIFLORA, 
having all the perfect flowers tubular (§ 95), the ligulate flowers, if any, imperfect. 
§ Heads of flowers radiate, with yellow rays....2 
§ Heads of flowers radiate, the rays not yellow....8 
§ Heads of flowers discoid (no rays). These genera, about 50 in number, such as 
the Tansy, Wormwood, Boneset, Ironweed (Figs. 248-250), Everlasting, Burdosk 
(Fig. 509), Thistle, Hogweed (Fig. 514), and even Bachelor’s-button, are all, for 
want of room, omitted. (See Class Book of Botany, p. 410, &e.) 
2 Leaves alternate or scattered on the leafy stems....4 
2 Leaves opposite or whorled on the stems, or all radical....6 
8 Leaves alternate or scattered on the leafy stem....7 
8 Leaves opposite or whorled on the leafy stem....x 
8 Leaves all radical and the flowers on a scape....y 
4 Receptacle chaffy (with bracts growing among the florets)....5 
4 Receptacle with deep, horny cells, like a honeycomb....e 
4 Receptacle not chaffy, flat or merely convex....a 
4 Receptacle not chaffy, conical or globular... .f 
5 Rays sterile, disk fertile. Receptacle conical or columnar....g 
5 Rays sterile, disk fertile. Receptacle flattish. Fruit flattened on the sides... .h 
5 Rays fertile, disk sterile. Receptacle flat. Fruit flattened same way as scales... .k 
6 Receptacle chaffy. Rays sterile, disk fertile....u 
6 Receptacle chaffy. Rays fertile, disk sterile....p 
6 Receptacle chaffy. Rays fertile, disk perfect....4 
6 Receptacle naked or destitute of chaffy scales....m 
7 Receptacle not chaffy, naked of scales....8 
7 Receptacle chaffy with scales among the florets. Lys. finely divided....v 
7 Receptacle chaffy with scales, &c. Lvs. undivided, merely toothed....w 
8 Pappus of numerous bristly hairs....9 
8 Pappus of 2 or 8 awns and minute hairs. Glabrous plants....t 
8 Pappus wholly wanting, or only a membranous margin....u 
9 Involucre of unequal scales, imbricated in several rows....10 
9 Involucre scales nearly equal, narrow, aud almost in one row....t 
10 Pappus simple, the bristly hairs abundant and about equal....r 
10 Pappus double, the outer row of hairs extremely short....s 
a Involucre scales imbricated in several rows....D 
a Involucre not imbricated, the outer scales very short or none Sene’o1o. 
a Invol. not imbr., outer scales equal tothe inner. Marigold. CaLEen’pULA. 
a Involucre not imbricated, outer scales longer than inner. S. GamiaR/p1a 
b Pappus simple, the bristles all equal and of one kind....o 
b Pappus double, the outer very short and chaffy. Lvs. entire. W.S. Curysop’sis 
b Pappus double in the disk, none in the rays. Lvs. toothed. 8. HeTERoTHE’oa 
