76 GRAFTAGE. 



grafted upon the Golden Sweet, which is early in ripen- 

 ing, was modified both in flavor and keeping qualities. 

 "Keeping qualities" is but another expression for "sea- 

 son of ripening.'' These influences are frequent; in fact, 

 they are probably much commoner than we are aware. 



7. Graftage often augments fruitfulness, largely for the 

 same reasons aS discussed in ^ 3. There are some anom- 

 alous instances of increase of fruitfulness which are diflfi- 

 cult of explanation: e. g., some citrus fruits are more 

 productive when grafted upon Citrus (or ^gle) trifoliata 

 than upon their own roots. 



8. Graftage often delays the degeneration of varieties. 

 In various ornamental plants this influence is marked, as 

 compared with plants from cuttings. It is recorded par- 

 ticularly in certain roses and camellias. 



9. Graftage sometimes increases the size of fruit. The 

 best illustrations of this fact are found in certain pears 

 when grown upon the quince ; the fruit is often larger 

 than from standard trees. 



10. Graftage may result in a modification of color of 

 foliage, flowers or fruit. Assumed influences of this char- 

 acter are frequently recorded, but it is not always possible 

 to determine how much of the modification may be due to 

 soil, climate and treatment. Prunus Pissardii has been 

 seen to give much more highly colored foliage when 

 grafted upon Prunus Americana than upon P. domestica. 

 The cions came from the same tree, and the grafted trees 

 stood in the same row. Any acceleration in ripening of 

 fruit (as indicated in ? 5) is apt to cause high color, but 

 the intensification of color in F^unus Pissardii was not 

 due to such cause, as the grafts were more vigorous upon 

 P. Americana. 



11. Graftage may influence the flavor of fruit. There 

 can be no question but that apples often derive acridity 

 from the stock when worked upon the wild crab or upon 

 the Siberian crab. It is said that the AngoulSme and 

 some other pears are improved in flavor when grown upon 



