SCROPHULARIACE.E. 249 



TniBE YIII. ErpiFRASiE.E. Corolla manifestly bilabiate; the upper lip erect and 

 concave or galeate, entire or emarginate, rarely 2-oleft; the lower 3-cleft, mostly 

 spreading, external in the bud. Stamens 4 and didynamous, or rarely 2, ascending 

 under the upper lip: anther-cells distinct, sometimes one abortive or wanting. 

 Style mostly filiform aud stigma entire, rarely 2-lobed. Capsule loculicidal. Leafy 

 herbs, not rarely drying blackish; these partially root- parasitic. 

 # Ovules and usually the seeds numerous. 



-f— Anther-cells unequal or dissimilar ; the outer one affixed by its middle ; the other pend- 

 ulous from its upper end, mostly smaller, sometimes sterile or deficient : seeds with a 

 loose reticulated coat: leaves alteruate or only ttie lowest opposite. 



30. CASTILLEIA. Calyx tubular, laterally flattened, more or less cleft anteriorly or 

 postL-riorly or both ; the lobes entire or 2-cleft. Corolla tubular, more or less laterally 

 compre>>ed, especially the elongated and conduplicate or carinate-concave and entire 

 upper lip (galea); lower lip short and small, often very small, 3-toothed, 3-carinate or 

 somewhat saccate below the short teeth; the tube usually enclosed in the calyx. Sta- 

 mens i, all with 2-celled anthers. 



31. ORTHOCARPUS. Calyx tubular-eampanulate, 4-cleft, or cleft anteriorly and pos- 

 teriorly and the divisions 2-cleft or parted Corolla mostly with slender tube ; upper lip 

 (tialea) little longer and usually much narrower than the inflated l-;>sacciite loner one. 

 SraiiiL-ns 4; the smaller anther-cell sometimes wanting. 



32. CORDYLANTHUS. Calyx spathaceous, diphyllous (anterior and posterior), or by the 

 absence of the anterior division monophyllous. Corolla tubular, with lips commonly of 

 equal lengtli; the upper (galea) nearly as in Orthocarpus ; the lower 3-crenulate or entire. 

 Stamens of Orthocarpus, or sometimes the shorter pair wanting : anther-cells either ciliate 

 or minutely bearded at base and apex. Style hooked at tip and somewhat thickened 

 under the stigma. Seeds mostly few. 



■i— -I— Anther-cells equal, parallel and alike in all 4 stamens, 

 ■w- riower 2-bracteolate under the calyx. 



33. SCHWALBEA. Calyx tubular, 10-12-ribbed, oblique, 5-toothed; the posterior tooth 

 much smaller; the 2 anterior united higher. Corolla with cylindraceous tube and lips of 

 almost equal length ; the upper erect and galeate, oblong, entire ; lower erect-spreading, 

 2-pIicate at base, obtusely 3-lobed at summit. Stamens slightly didynamous : anthers 

 oblong ; the cells barely mucronulate at base. Seeds linear, with a loose hyaline coat, 

 including a small nucleus. 



•H- ++ Flowers ebracteolate. 



34. EUPHRASIA. Calyx tubular or carapanulate, 4-cleft, and rarely with a fifth small 

 posterior lobe. Corolla with dilated throat ; upper lip erect, barely concave, 2-lobed, 

 and the sides folded back ; lower larger, 3-lobed, spreading ; its lobes obtuse or emargi- 

 nate. Anther-cells mucronate at base. Seeds numerous, pendulous, oblong, longitudi- 

 nally sulcate. Leaves opposite. 



35. BARTSIA. Cah'x equally 4-cleft. Corolla with upper lip entire and sides not folded 

 back. Seeds sulcate and with salient or alate ribs. Otherwise much as Euphrasia. 



36. PEDICULARIS. Calyx various, cleft anteriorly and sometimes posteriorly. Corolla 

 with cylindraceous tube and narrow throat, strongly bilabiate ; upper lip (galea) com- 

 pressed laterally, fornicate or conduplicate; lower erect at base, 2-cristate above, 3-lobed; 

 the lobes spreading or reflexed, the middle one smaller. Anthers transverse, approxi- 

 mate hi pairs. Capsule compressed and often oblique or falcate, rostrate. Seeds nu- 

 merous, various. Leaves mainly alternate or verticillate. 



37. RHINANTHU3. Calyx ventricose-corapressed, 4-toothed, inflated in fruit. Corolla 

 with cylindraceous tube ; galeate upper lip ovate, obtuse, compressed, entire at the ape.x, 

 but with a minute tooth on each side below it ; lower lip shorter, with 3 spreading 

 lobes. Anthers appro.ximate in pairs, transverse, pilose, muticous. Capsule orbicular, 

 compressed. Seeds few in each cell, orbicular, wing-margined. Leaves opposite. 



* * Ovules only two in each cell, one sessile and ascending, the other stipitate and later- 

 ally attached : flowers ebracteolate : leaves opposite : flowers in our species scattered. 



38. MELAMPYRUM. Calyx campanulate or short-tubular, 4-toothed ; the teeth usually 

 setaceous-acuminate, the posterior larger. Corolla with cylindraceous tube, enlarging at 

 throat : galeate upper lip erect, compressed, obtuse, and with narrow replicate margins or 

 a tooth to each ; lower rather longer, erect-spreading, biconvex below, ;3-lobed at apex. 

 Stamens 4: anthers approximate in pairs, nearly vertical; the cells equal and parallel, 

 mucronulate at base. Capsule compressed, oblique or falcate : cells 1-2-seeded. Seeds 

 smooth, strophiolate. 



