CHAP. HI.] THE CRUISES OF THE 'PORCUPINE.' 101 



The scientific staff consisted of Dr. Carpentei', 

 Mr. P. Herbert Carpenter (who had gone through his 

 apprenticeship in making analyses under unfavourable 

 circumstances in the former cruise with Mr. Hunter, 

 and was now prepared to undertake this task on his 

 own account), and myself; and our intention was, in 

 accordance with our original programme, to go care- 

 fully over again the region which M'^e had examined 

 in the ' Lightning,' to test with better appliances and 

 more trustworthy instruments the singular distri- 

 bution of temperatures in the ' warm ' and ' cold ' 

 areas, to map out as accurately as we could the 

 paths of the warm and cold currents, and to deter- 

 mine the influences of these currents upon the 

 character and distribution of animal life. 



We left Stornoway on the afternoon of Sunday 

 the I5th of August, and made straight for the scene 

 of our most successful ' warm area ' dredging of the 

 year before. We were equally successful on this 

 occasion, and procured several good specimens of 

 EoUenia, and a beautiful series of Uyalonema, ranging 

 from 2 mm. in length up to 30 and 40 centimetres, 

 and thus giving all the stages in the development of 

 the wonderful ' glass rope,' and proving to demon- 

 stration its relation to the body of the sponge— 

 Dr. J. E. Gray's so-called Oarteria. 



The most interesting novelty however which re- 

 warded us was a very fine Echinid belonging to the 

 Cidaridse to which I had given tbe name Forocidaris 

 purpurata (Fig. 11). I believe I am justified in 

 refernng this handsome species to the genus Poroci- 

 daris, although in it the special character is absent 

 on which that genus was founded by Desor. Som6 



