CHAP. i\-.J THE CRUISES OF THE 'PORCUPINE: 179 



of the first cruise, at a time when both Dr. Carpenter 

 and I were occupied with our ofiicial work. A young 

 Swedish naturalist, Mr. Joshua Lindahl of the Uni- 

 versity of Lund, accompanied him as zoological 

 assistant, and Mr. W. L. Carpenter took charge of 

 the chemical department. It was arranged that Mr. 

 Jeffreys' cruise should extend from Talmouth to 

 Gibraltar. Dr. Ciarpenter and I were to have re- 

 lieved him at Gibraltar, meeting the vessel there, and 

 to have worked together as we did the year before ; 

 but I was unfortunately laid up with an attack of 

 fever, and the whole charge of the last cruise in the 

 Mediterranean rested with Dr. Carpenter. Owing to 

 this untoward circumstance, I must give at second- 

 hand the brief account of the first part of the work 

 of the year 1870 which is necessary to complete the 

 sketch of what has been done towards- the illus- 

 tration of the condition and fauna of the North 

 Atlantic. In the Mediterranean Dr. Carpenter found 

 the conditions of temperature and of the distribu- 

 tion of animal life entirely exceptional, as might 

 have been to a certain extent anticipated from the 

 exceptional circumstances of that land-locked sea. 

 The investigation of 1870 can only be said to have 

 broken ground towards the solution of a series of 

 very special and peculiar problems ; and I am not 

 in a position to go farther at present than to indicate 

 the general results at which my colleague has arrived. 

 The ' Porcupine ' left Ealmouth on the 4th of July, 

 but was detained in the Channel for several days by 

 fogs and contrary winds. On the 7 th of July, they 

 reached the slope from the plateau of the Channel to 

 the deep Avater of the Atlantic, and took a first haul 



N 2 



