396 THE DEPTHS OF THE SEA. [chap. viii. 



passes through any particular region, must be re- 

 garded, as I have already said, as depending almost 

 entirely upon latitude. Taking this into account, 

 the surface temperatures in Avhat we were in the 

 habit of calling the ' warm area ' coincided precisely 

 with Petermann's curves indicating the northward 

 path of the Gulf-stream. 



I extract the following from a letter dated 23rd 

 September, 1872, from Professor H. Mohn, director of 

 the Norwegian Meteorological Institute at Ohristiania, 

 to Mr. Buchan, the excellent secretary of the Scottish 

 Meteorological Society : — " I have this summer got 

 some deep-sea temperatures which may be of general 

 interest for our climate. In the Throndhj ems-fjord 

 I found 16°"5 0. on the surface, and from 50 fathoms 

 to the bottom (200 fathoms) a very uniform tempera- 

 ture of 6° 5 C. in one place, and 6° 0. in another 

 place farther in. In the Soeguefjord I found 16° 0. 

 on the surface, and 6°"5 C. constantly from 10 to 

 700 fathoms. Between Iceland and Paeroe, Lieu- 

 tenant Mliller, commander of the Bergen and Iceland 

 steamer, has found this summer 8° C. at the bottom 

 in 300 fathoms. This proves that the Gulf-stream 

 water fills the whole of the channel, contrary to 

 what is the case in the Pseroe-Shetland channel, 

 where there is ice-cold water in a depth of 300 

 fathoms." The facts here mentioned are very 

 important, and entirely confirm our results ; but my 

 chief object in giving the quotation is to show the 

 unhesitating way in which, the explanation which 

 attributes the high temperature of the sea on the 

 Scandinavian coast to the Gulf-stream is adopted by 

 those best qualified to form an opinion. 



