84 INJURIOUS AND USEFUL INSECTS 



lower part of the face is defended by the triangular plate 



called clypeus, from 

 whose lower bor- 

 der a transverse 

 labrum hangs. The 

 mandibles are de- 

 void of teeth, the 

 straight inner edge 

 being used in bit- 

 ing. Only one of 

 the usual maxillary 

 lobes can be traced 

 (the lacinia), which 

 forms a broad and 

 flexible blade ; a 

 vestige of the maxil- 

 lary palp can be 

 discovered at its 

 base. In the lab- 

 ium (second pair of 

 maxilJEe) the labial 

 palps are conspicu- 

 ous ; they form thin, 

 four-jointed appen- 

 dages, whose tips 

 are adapted for use 

 as organs of touch. 

 At the base of the 

 labial palps, small 

 appendages are vis- 

 ible which seem to 

 answer to the galeae 

 of the ordinary in- 

 sect - maxilla. En- 

 closed within the 

 labium is the long, 

 hairy tongue, which 

 forms a split tube 

 useful in sucking; 

 its tip is a spoon- 

 shaped lobe, not unlike the " finger " of an elephant's 



Fig. 54. — Mouth-parts of hive-bee. Mn, mandible ; 

 Mxp, maxillary palp ; Mx^ maxilla ; J\I, mentum (base 

 of labium) ; Pa, paraglossa or galea of labium ; L^, 

 labial palp ; Li, lingua (?), enclosed at its base in the 

 mentum (labium). 



