LEPIDOPTERA 203 



The goat-moth is described in Lesson 16. The wood- 

 leopard moth {Zeuzera msculi) in its larval . stage devours the 

 wood of various trees. 



Division VIII. — Tineidse 



Small moths with long and narrow fringed wings. Antennae 

 usually simple. The clothes-moths, of which several species 

 are troublesome, the white corn-worm (larva of Tinea granelld), 

 which devours stored grain, and the flat-bodies, small moths 

 which infest the carrot, are among the best known Tineid 

 pests. 



The diamond-back moth {Flutella cruciferaruni) is a Tineid 

 7 mm. long, with the grey-white colour and fringed wings so 

 frequent in this sub-order. When the wings are at rest a row 

 of whitish diamonds appear along the junction, and this gives 

 the name of diamond-back. The eggs are laid on cabbages, 

 cauliflowers, turnips, swedes, and other Cruciferous plants, wild 

 or cultivated. The larva is greenish, nearly bare, narrowed a 

 little at head and tail, and has the prothorax dotted with black, 

 while each of the next two segments bears a yellow spot on 

 either side of the middle line; it attains a length of 10 mm. 

 When full-fed it spins a loose cocoon on the food-plant or on 

 the ground, and pupates. There are commonly two broods, 

 one in early, and one in late summer, and the autumn 

 pupas remain unchanged till the following season. The 

 larvae devour all parts of the food-plant, but the riddling 

 of the leaves is generally the first token of their presence. 



The small ermine-moths {Hyponomeutd), of which several 

 species are commonly found, devour as larvae the leaves of 

 shrubs and fruit-trees. H. faddla is common in hedges and 

 orchards ; H. euonymella On spindle-tree and bird-cherry. 

 The fore wing in these moths is white, speckled with rows 

 of black spots, hence the name of ermine-moth, which 

 has been most inconveniently applied to quite different moths 

 {Spilosoma), which have rows of spots on the abdomen, and 

 often spotted wings. It is therefore necessary to note that 

 the species of Hyponomeuta are the small ermine-moths. 

 The hind wings are grey-brown. Length of body 8-9 mm. 

 The caterpillar of ff. padella is brownish, dotted with black ; 

 it feeds on hawthorn and other trees, a number living together 



