COLEOPTERA 221 



notched at the edges, and at length eaten up to the veins ; it 

 feeds also on clover, vetches, and other leguminous plants. 

 There is more than one brood, and the attack may last from 

 early spring to late autumn. 



Pine-weevil (Curculio abietis). The larvse feed on stumps 

 or felled trees of larch, spruce, and Scotch fir, or bore into the 

 young wood, causing the resin to flow. The full-grown beetles 

 attack the young shoots, especially of young trees, and some- 

 times completely bare the branches. This is a common and 

 very injurious pest. 



Apple-weevil {Anthonomus pomorum). The larvae devour 

 the flower-buds of apple and other fruit-trees, which never 

 completely open, and sometimes do great damage in cider- 

 growing districts. 



Nut-weevil {Balaninus nuatm). The larvse are not un- 

 common in filberts and other nuts ; other species attack 

 acorns. As soon as the nut is set the female bores a hole into 

 it, and lays an egg ; the larva feeds till autumn ; and when the 

 nut falls to the ground, enters the earth to pupate ; the beetle 

 appears in the following spring. The beak of the female 

 beetle is a little longer than the body in this species, but 

 shorter than the body in the male. 



Cabbage-weevils {Ceuiorrhynchus). Three species of weevil 

 attack cabbages and turnips, besides other Cruciferae. C. 

 pleurostigma makes galls on the roots of cabbages and 

 swedes ; C. assimilis devours the pods of turnip, mustard, and 

 other Cruciferse ; while C. contractus, a minute species, only 

 I mm. long, mines turnip-leaves, much like the larvae of the 

 turnip-flea. 



Grain - weevils {Calandra granaria). This weevil is very 

 injurious to stored wheat; it may be recognised by the very 

 long thorax and the curved beak ; a very similar but smaller 

 species attacks rice. The generations succeed one another 

 rapidly, and the increase of numbers in one season may be 

 .very great. 



Family Scolytidse (bark-beetles). Beak short. Antennae 

 clubbed, usually not elbowed. Mostly wood and bark- 

 feeders. 



The elm-bark beetle is described in Lesson 11. 

 Many species of bark-beetles tunnel beneath the bark of 

 trees, and make radiating or labyrinthine patterns on 



