326 MANUAL OF BACTERIOLOGY. 



It was supposed by its discoverers to be the cause of cholera 

 nostras, but it appears to have no relation to that disease. 



Spirillum Milleri. — A comma-shaped organism resem- 

 bling Vibrio proteus in many respects, and probably identical 

 with it. In gelatin it grows more rapidly, and produces Hque- 

 faction more rapidly than the spirillum of cholera. On gela- 

 tin plates, at the end of twenty-four hours, the colonies are uni- 

 formly circular and granular, lying in little depressions re- 

 sulting from the liquefaction of the gelatin. Its growths in 

 the other media are not characteristic. It Hquefies blood- 

 serum. It does not produce indol. It is less toxic to animals 

 than the spirillum of cholera. It was isolated by Miller from 

 a carious tooth. 



See also Spirillum sputigenum. Part III. 



Spirillum tyrogeniun (Deneke). — ^A comma-shaped organ- 

 ism, not so large as the spirillum of cholera. It is motile, 

 having a flagellum at one end. It does not form spores. In 

 cultures, genuine spirilla may develop. Gelatin is liquefied 

 more rapidly than by the spirillum of cholera, and the colonies 

 develop more rapidly. The circumference of the colony is 

 round, the surface may appear somewhat granular, and it has 

 a greenish-brown color, seen under the low power. Milk con- 

 taining litmus becomes acid, is subsequently decolorized, and 

 is also coagulated. It liquefies coagulated blood-serum. It 

 does not form indol in Dunham's peptone solution. No pel- 

 licle forms in cultures upon bouillon. It is less toxic to animals 

 than the spirillum of cholera. It was isolated originally from 

 old cheese. 



Vibrio Berolinensis. — ^A comma-shaped organism resem- 

 bling the spirillum of cholera in form and in the position of its 

 flagellum. It does not stain by Gram's method. It grows at 

 the room- temperature, but more rapidly in the incubator. 

 The colonies upon gelatin, one or two days old, when magnified, 

 are decidedly more finely granular and more transparent than 



