328 MANUAL or BACTERIOLOGY. 



The Spirillum or Spirochaeta Obermeieri (of Relapsing 

 Fever). — A slim spirillum with numerous turns, 16 to" 40 n in 

 length. The ends are pointed. It is actively motile. The 

 spirillum is not stained by Gram's method, but may be colored 

 by the ordinary aniline dyes. The organism has never been 

 cultivated. It is found abundantly in the blood and in the 

 spleen during the attack of fever. The spleen is enlarged. 

 The disease has been produced in apes by inoculating them 

 with blood taken from men having the disease. 



It is asserted that the spirillum is transferred by bed-bugs 

 from one person to another.* 



Spirochaeta pallida. — First observed by Schaudinn and 

 Hoffmannf in recent as well as more advanced syphihtic 

 lesions, on the surface and deep in the tissues in chancres, 

 indolent buboes and papules. It has been found by many other 

 observers very recently, and is constantly present in the situ- 

 ations named. The evidence is accumulating rapidly in favor 

 of this organism as the cause of syphilis. J It is 4 to 14 // long, 

 \ n thick and has 6 to 14 turns. It is actively motile. Stained 

 with great difficulty. The following stain was recommended 

 originally, and more recently a variety of stains have also been 

 employed by different observers: 



(i) Three parts Giemsa's eosiu solution (2.5 c.c. i per cent, eosin solution 

 in 500 c.c. water). 



(2) Three parts asur I solution (i gram asur in looo c.c. water). 



(3) Three parts asur II solution (0.8 gram in 1000 water). 



Mix and stain dried cover-glass preparations from 16 to 24 hours; wash, 

 dry and mount in balsam. 



Spirochaeta refringens. — Found less frequently than S. 

 pallida in the same locations as the latter. Is larger and 

 stains more easily than S. pallida. 



*Karlinski. Cenlralblatt/ur Bakieriologie. Bd. XXXI. Original. 1901. 



t Schaudinn and Hoffmann. Vorlautiger Bericht uber das Vorkommen 

 von Spirochasten in syphililischen Krankheitsprodukten und bei Papillomen. 

 Arbeiten aus dem Kaiserlichen Gesundheilsamt. Bd. XXII, p. 527, 1905. 



} Spirobacteria in the Lesions of Syphilis. Journal of the American Medical 

 Association. Vol. XLIV, No. 22, p. 1790. 1905. 



