AND GENERAL HOETICDLTUKE. 



327 



PIN 



Screw, Australian. Pandanua pedumculatus. 

 Sea- side. Pinvs marilima. 

 Siberian. Pinvs Cembra, var. Siberica. 

 Snow or White Weymoutli. Pinus Slrobus, 



var. nivea. 

 Soutti African. Leucadendron argenteum. 

 Southern. Pinua auslralis. 

 Stone. Pinus Pinea. 

 Stone, Swiss. Plnua Cembra. 

 Sugar. Pinvs Lambertiana. 

 Table-mountain. Pinvs pwngens. 

 Umbrella. The genus SciadopUya. 

 Virginian. Pimjs avstralia (P. palustris). 

 Water. Olyptostrobua helerophyllua. 

 Wax. The genus Damarra. 

 Weymouth. Pinvs Slrobus. 

 ' White. Pinvs Strobvs, and P. flexilia. 



Yellow. Pinvs avstralis, P. mitis, and P. 

 ponderosa. 



Pine-weed. Hypmcvm Sarothra. 



Pingui'cula. Butterwort. From pingvda, fat; 

 referring to the greasiness of the leaves. 

 Nat. Ord. Lentibulacea. 



Curious and beautiful little plants, very dif- 

 ficult to keep in an artificial state, although 

 some of them are indigenous. They are 

 marsh plants, and refuse to exist out of their 

 native position; but when seen in health, 

 their beautiful white, yellow, lilac, or violet- 

 colored flowers are the admiration of every 

 beholder. P. Vallisnerioefolia, a native of the 

 mountains of Spain, differs from all others of 

 the genus in its clustered habit of growth, a 

 number of crowns being often massed to- 

 gether in one clump. The flowers are large, 

 and of a soft purple or pale lilac-purple, with 

 conspicuous white or pale centres. It requires 

 very free drainage, continuous moisture, and 

 a humid atmosphere in cultivation. The 

 native species are common from New York to 

 Florida. 



Pink. See Dianihus. 



Pink-root. See Spigelia. 



Pinnae. The primary divisions of a pinnated 

 leaf — its leaflets. 



Pinnate. When simple leaflets are arranged on 

 each side of a common petiole ; a compound 

 leaf. 



Pinnatifid. A leaf deeply cut into segments 

 nearly to the midrib. 



Pinnules. The secondary divisions of a pinnate 

 leaf. 



Pi'nus. Pine Tree. From pinoa, a Greek word 

 used by Theophrastus, to designate a Pine 

 tree; and some authors derive it from the 

 Celtic pin, or pyn, a mountain or rock ; allud- 

 ing to the habitat of the tree. Nat. Ord. Coni- 

 ferw. 



This genus is very extensive, and contains 

 some of our most useful trees for economic 

 purposes, besides a number of species of an 

 ornamental character. The genus is conflned 

 solely to the northern hemisphere, and the 

 more useful and gigantic to the United States. 

 Firms avstralia is the Yellow or Pitch Pine of 

 the Southern States. This species seems to 

 be especially assigned to dry, sandy soil, and 

 it is found without interruption from Virginia 

 to Florida, covering a tract of more than 

 six hundred miles long from northeast to 

 southwest, and more than one hundred 

 miles broad from the sea toward the moun- 

 tains of the Carolinas and Georgia. The aver- 



PIN 



age height of the trees is from sixty to seventy 

 feet, with a diameter of from fifteen to eighteen 

 Inches. In Virginia, where this species first 

 makes its appearance, it does not grow so 

 large ; but in Georgia and Florida it greatly 

 exceeds these dimensions. -Besides the valu- 

 able timber it affords, it also produces the 

 pitch, tar, turpentine, and rosin of commerce. 

 The leaves are about a foot long, of a beauti- 

 ful brilliant green, and produced in bunches 

 at the extremity of the branches. P. inopa is 

 the Jersey or Scrub Pine, a species that grows 

 from fifteen to forty feet high, with a diameter 

 of from six to fifteen inches ; its habit is strag- 

 gling and rough. Its only use is for fuel. P. 

 mitia. Yellow Pine, is a fine tree, growing from 

 fifty to sixty feet high, furnishing a fine- 

 grained, lasting timber, which is especially 

 used for flooring. Common from New Jersey 

 to Wisconsin and southward. P. pungena. 

 Table Mountain Pine, is a large tree, with 

 short, compact, pale green leaves, and re- 

 sembles the European Pines. Its cones are 

 borne in large clusters, and remain upon the 

 trees for many years. It is valuable as a 

 timber tree. It is found upon the Blue Eidge 

 in Virginia and southward. P. rigida is com- 

 monly known as Pitch Pine, and is common 

 throughout the Middle and Northern States, 

 frequently growing in swamps with the Ked 

 Cedar. It is a species of medium growth, and 

 of but little value. P. reainoaa, or Eed Pine, 

 commonly and improperly called Norway 

 Pine, is found in most of the Northern States. 

 It is a tall-growing, erect, symmetrical tree, 

 vnth light-green leaves and short cones. The 

 wood is dark, compact, and much esteemed 

 for its durability. P. edulia, the Edible Pine, 

 or " Nut Pine " of California and New Mexico, 

 is an interesting species, growing from fifty to 

 sixty feet high, producing great quantities of 

 thin-shelled seeds, about the size of Peas, 

 very nutritious, and of a pleasant flavor. P. 

 monophyllvs is another nut-bearing Pine, dis- 

 covered h^ Col. Fremont in northern Cali- 

 fornia, where it is extensively diffused over 

 the mountains for a distance of about 600 

 miles. In some places it makes considerable 

 growth, but is usually a small, slow-growing 

 tree, of but little value for its timber. P. tceda, 

 the Loblolly Pine of the Southern States, is a 

 tree that grows from eighty to 100 feet high 

 in the forests ; in open grounds its trunk is 

 low and branches spreading. This species 

 immediately takes possession of and com- 

 pletely covers lands that are thrown out of 

 cultivation. P. Sabiniana, Sabine's Pine, is 

 one of the noblest California species, with a 

 trunk 140 feet high, and is remarkable for its 

 large, heavy cones, the scales of which are 

 produced into long, recurved points. Its nut 

 is large and edible. This tree occurs on the 

 western slopes of the Sierra Nevada, and is 

 one of the California White Pines. Its foliage 

 is thin and of a very light green, which gives 

 it a peculiar aspect, different from all the 

 other Pines of that country. Its timber is 

 very tough, and highly esteemed. P. Lam^ 

 Bertioswa is called Sugar Pine from the sweet- 

 ness of its resinous juice, which exudes plenti- 

 fully from this tree. This species was dis- 

 covered by the intrepid Douglas, growing 

 upon the most sterile, sandy plains, on the 

 western slopes of the Bocky Mountains in 

 California. He describes it as a tree of great 



