522 



HENDERSON'S HANDBOOK OF PLANTS 



Table Sho'VTing the Amount of Seed Neces- 

 sary for an Acre, and the Number of 

 Pounds to the Bushel: 



No. lbs. No. lbs. 



toBu. to Acre. 



Alfalfa 60 12to 16 



AJsikeClover 60 6 to 8 



Barley 4S 76 to 90 



Buckwheat 48 50 to 76 



English Bye Graas 28 76 to 100 



Flax 66 28to 42 



Hemp 44 30tO 60 



Henderson's Mixed Lawn Grass 21 76 to 100 



Hungarian 48 40 to 60 



Johnson Grass 25 25 to 30 



KentBcky Blue Grass 14 40 to 60 



Millet 60 40 to 60 



Oats 2 to 3 bushels 



Orchard Grass 14 46 to 60 



Peas, Field 60 120 to ISO 



Bed Clover 60 12 to 14 



EedTop 14 30to40 



Eye 66. 75 to. 90 



Sugar Cane ; 50 6 to 8 



Timothy ". 45 25 to 40 



Wheat 60 60to 90 



White Dutch Clover 60 5 to 8 



Average Gross Produce per Acre of the 

 Cereal Crops. Wheat, 20 to 25 bushels; 

 oats, 35 to M) bushels ; barley,. 35 to 40 bush- 

 els; rye, 25 to 30 bushels; peas, 25 bush- 

 els. 



■Weights of various Farm Crops. Two and 

 one-fifth cubic feet of new wheat weighs 112 

 lbs. ; oats, 3.65 cubic feet, 112 lbs. ; barley, 2.38 

 cubic feet, 112 lbs. ; straw, in its usual condi- 

 tion, weighs 31^ lbs. per cubic foot — it maybe 

 compressed to weigh nearly 6 lbs. per cubic 

 foot ; hay in like manner wUl weigh respect- 

 ively 5 and 8 lbs. per cubic foot. A bushel of 

 grain when lying on the floor occupies a space 

 of one square foot, with a depth of 15)^ inches. 

 Turnips, about 1,000 lbs. to the cubic yard ; 

 ruta-bagas, about 1,350 lbs. ; mangel wurzels, 

 about 1,100 lbs. ; potatoes, about 1,250 lbs., 

 and carrots, about 1,100 lbs. to the cubic yard. 

 A ton of Timothy hay in stack or mow, well 

 pressed, measures 480 cubic feet, or 6x8x10 

 feet. A ton of mixed Timothy and clover 

 measures B20 feet. A ton of mixed meadow 

 grasses measures 600 feet. 

 A ton of loose straw measure 900 feet. 



Average Weight per Acre of the Root and 

 Hay Crops. Turnips, 20 to 30 tons ; carrots, 

 25 tons ; potatoes, 6 to 12 tons ; hay, 1 to 2 

 tons ; clover hay, 2 tons. 



Average Weight of the Stravr of the Cereal 

 Crops per Acre. Wheat, 3,000 to 3,500 lbs. ; 

 oats, 2,000 to 2,500 lbs. ; barley,-2,100 to 2,500 

 lbs. ; rye, 4,000 to 5,000 lbs. ; peas, 2,700 lbs. 



STOCK. 



Value of different Foods compared -with Hay. 

 One hundred pounds of good meadow hay are 

 estimated to be equivalent in feeding value to 

 80 lbs. of clover, or vetch hay, 200 lbs. of po- 

 tatoes, 460 lbs. of beet-root with, and 250 lbs. 

 without, the leaves, 250 lbs. of carrots, 400 lbs. 

 of wheat straw, 300 lbs. of barley and oat 

 straw, 25 lbs. of beans or peas, 50 lbs. of oats 

 and 500 lbs. of green clover or vetches. 



To Produce 1 lb. of Flesh in Fattening Stock. 

 It is calculated that it takes the consumption 

 of either 100 lbs. of turnips, 50 lbs. of pota- 

 toes, 25 lbs. of mUk, 9 lbs. of oatmeal, 7 lbs. 

 of barley meal, 7^ lbs. of bread, the same 

 quantity of flour, and 7 lbs. of peas or beans. 



Rate of Pulsation of the Animals of the Farm. 



The horse, 32 to 38 pulsations per minute ; an 

 ox or cow, 25 to 42 ; a sheep, 70 to 79 ; the ass, 

 48 to 54 ; goat, 72 to 76 ; tbe dog, 90 to 100 ; 

 the cat, 110 to 120; the rabbit, 120; the Guinea- 

 pig, 140; of fowls, the hen, 140; the duck, 

 135. 



Periods of Gestation of Farm Animals. Cow, 

 from 240 to 321 days ; mare, 322 to 419 ; ewe, 

 146 to 161 days ; sow, 109 to 143 days ; rabbit, 

 20 to 35 days. 



Time Occupied to Hatch Eggs by various 

 Birds. Hen, 21 days ; duck, 28 days ; turkey, 

 26 days ; goose, 30 days ; pigeon, 18 days. 



Amount of Air required for Ventilation Pur- 

 poses by Man and by the Animals of the 

 Farm. If it be correct that when respiration 

 is performed naturally, there are about eight- 

 een respirations in one minute, and 1,080 in an 

 hour ; and that by each respiration a pint of 

 air is sent into the lungs, that is, eighteen 

 pints in a minute, or more than two hogsheads 

 in an hour, the effect impurity may produce is 

 evident. When the body is in a state of 

 health there will be seventy -two pulsations of 

 the heart in a minute. Every pulsation sends 

 to the heart two ounces of blood. Thus 144 



ounces are sent for purification to the lungs 

 every minute. The blood performs a com- 

 plete circuit of the system in 110 seconds. 

 These figures show how great is the need for 

 the air we breath to be pure and wholesome. 



The minimum amount of space required to 

 keep a man in a healthy condition is 600 cubic 

 feet ; this is often the allowance for a horse, 

 which should have double that amount of 

 space at least ; some idea, therefore, may be 

 obtained of the unhealthy condition of stables. 

 The cow may be set down as requiring at 

 least as much, if not more, than a horse, so 

 that 1,400 cubic feet per cow should be al- 

 lowed. It has been calculated that the horse 

 inspiring eight times per minute, requires 

 48,000 cubic inches of air per hour. The 

 quantity of carbonic acid gas created by the 

 respiration of this volume of air per hour is 

 one cubic foot, containing two ounces or 

 thereabouts of solid carbon. To this source 

 of deterioration of the purity of the air of a 

 cow-house, is to be added that arising from 

 the cutaneous perspiration of the animal, 

 which, with pulmonary perspiration, rfesults 

 in the evolution of a weight of watery excreta 

 equal to fifteen pounds every twenty-four 

 hours; add to these sources of impurity those 

 arising from the liquid and solid excreta 

 voided by the animal, and some idea of the 

 state of the air in a badly ventilated cow- 

 house may be formed. The amount of air, 

 then, which from the above data is required 

 for each animal is 6,000 cubic feet, and this 

 space given to a cow house of ample dimen- 

 sions will give house room for four animals, 

 thus allowing each 1,500 cubic feet of air per 

 hour ; so that to give to each the supply of 

 four times this, the air wlU require to be 

 changed four times every hour. Each window 

 frame. In the open spaces or chinks connected 

 with it, passes some eight cubic feet per min- 

 ute ; a door will pass at least double that 

 quantity. 



