222 ANATID.E. 



FULIGULA. 



Fuligula, Stephens, in Shaw's Gen. Zool. xii. pt. 2, p. 187 (1824); Salvad. Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. 

 xxvii. p. 354 (1893). 



The Scaup-Ducks may be distinguished from the Pochards, to which they are closely 

 allied, by the shape of the bill, which is distinctly wider at the tip than it is at 

 the base. 



Of the five species known, four inhabit the Northern Hemisphere, and three of these 

 occur in winter within our limits ; the fifth is peculiar to New Zealand and the 

 adjacent Auckland and Chatham Islands. 



1. Fuligula marila. 



Anas marila, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 196'. 



Fulix marila, Lawr. Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. ii. p. 315 ° ; Baird, Brewer, & Ridgw. Water- 

 Birds N. Amer. ii. p. 18'. 



Fuligula marila, Scl. & Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 399*; Salvad. Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xxvii. p. 353 '. 



Aythya marila nearctica, Stejneger, Orn. Expl. Kamtsch. 1885, p. 161°; A. O. U. Check-1. N. 

 Amer. Birds, 2nd ed. p. 53 ''. 



Supra nigra, nigro alboque minute vermiculata, uropj'gio et supracaudaHbus nigris ; pileo et capitis lateribus 

 cum collo superiore oleaceo-viridi nitentibus ; primariomm tectricibus et primariis extimis saturate 

 cinerascenti-brunneis, primariis intcrioribus estus albis, apicem versus fuscioribus ; secundariis extimis 

 albis, fusco terminatis, his intimis, scapularibus longioribus et tectricibus majoribus brunnescenti-nigris, 

 tectricibus reliquis saturate brunneis, albo vcrmiculatis ; oorpore reliquo subtus albo, abdomine imo nigro 

 marmorato ; prsepectore nigro; subalaribus et axillaribus albis, marginaiibus fusco variegatis; canda 

 nigricante : rostro pallide plumbeo, apice nigro ; pedibus plumbeis ; iride flava. Long, tota circa 18'0, 

 alse 9'3, caudse 2-9, culm. 1-8, tarsi 1'4. (Desor. maris adulti ex Massachusetts. Mus. nostr.) 



J in ptilosi vera cestiva vix a femina adulta distinguenda. 



2 . Supra saturate brunnea, dorso et scapularibus vix albo vcrmiculatis ; oapite, collo et praepectore rufescenti- 

 brunneis, pdeo antico et mento albis ; corpore reliquo subtus albo, abdomine imo et subcaudalibus 

 brunneis, plumis albido terminatis ; ala sicutin mari colorata, sed tectricibus alarum vix albo vcrmiculatis : 

 rostro et pedibus ut in mari picturatis, sed saturatioribus. Long, tota circa 18"0, alse 8-5, oaudte 2-5, 

 culm. 1-8, tarsi 1'4. (Descr. feminse adultae ex Corpus Christi, Texas. Mus. nostr.) 



Juv. feminae adultae similis, sed saturatius et clarius colorata. 



Ilab. North America, breeding far north ^ '', extending south in winter. — Mexico, 

 Mazatlan (Grayson 2). — Northern Europe and Asia, from Iceland to Kamtschatka, 

 wintering to the southward. 



The Common Scaup of North America has been separated as a distinct race from its 

 European representative; but Count Salvadori considers that there is only one species, 

 F. mania, common to the northern portions of the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. 

 It breeds far to the north and wanders south in winter. F. marila is said to be found 

 at Mazatlan, in Western Mexico, during the winter months ; but as the present 

 species and F. affinis have often been confounded by ornithologists, this state- 

 ment may be considered as somewhat doubtful. A specimen has been recorded from 

 Guatemala, but this was probably referable to F. affinis. 



