CLANGULA. 225 



CLANGULA. 



Clangula, Leach, in Ross's Voyage Expl. Baffin's Bay, App. p. xlviii (1819) ; Salvad. Cat. Birds 

 Brit. Mus. xxvii'. p. 376 (1895). 



The Golden-eyes have a shorter and stouter bill than the species of Nyroca and 

 Fuligula, the depth of the upper mandible at the base being equal to more than half 

 the length of the culmen, the outline of which is only very slightly concave. 



The three known species inhabit the Northern Hemisphere — two, C. glaucion and 

 C. alleola, occurring in winter within our limits. 



1. Clangula glaucion. 



Anas glaucion, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 201 '. 



Clangula glaucion, Scl. & Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 401 ' ; Salvad. Cat. Birds Brit. :Mus. xxvii. 



p. 376'. 

 Bucephala americana, Lawr. Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. ii. p. 315 *. 

 Clangula glaucion americana, Baird, Brewer, & Eidgw. Water-Birds N. Amer. ii. p. 44 °. 

 Glaucionetia clangula americana, A. O. U. Check-1. N. Amer. Birds, 2nd ed. p. 54 °. 

 Clangula clangula, Sharpe, Hand-1. Birds, i. p. 224 ''. 



Supra nigra, scapularibus externis albis, harura longioribus nigro marginatis ; alis brunnescenti-nigris, tectricibus 

 et sccundariis mediania albis, plagam magnam albam formantibTis ; pileo paullo criatato colloque summo 

 nigris viridi nitentibus ; plaga conspicua anteoculari alba ; prsepectore et corpore subtus reliquo albis, 

 hypochoDdriis nigro marginatis ; abdomine lateral! einerascenti-brunneo, plumis albo terminatis ; sub- 

 alaribus et axiUaribus saturate cinerascenti-brunneis ; cauda nigricante : rostro cyanescenti-nigrd ; 

 pedibus aurantiaco-flavis ; iride flava. Long, tota circa IS'O, alse 8-9, caudse 4-0, culm. 1-4, tarsi 1-4,5. 

 (Descr. maris adulti ex Canada. Mus. nostr.) 



<J in ptilosi cestiva feminina feminae adultse similis, sed ala albo notata distinguenda. 



2 . Supra nigricans, interscapulio, scapularibus et tectricibus alarum paUide griseo marginatis ; tectricibus 

 medianis grisescenti-cinereis, albo terminatis, minime pure albis ; capite et collo superiore rufescenti- 

 brunneis, collo imo grisescenti-albo ; corpore subtus albo, pectore summo et corporis lateribus grises- 

 centibus : rostro brunnescente vel flavido, apice nigro ; pedibus et iride sicut in mari coloratis. Long, 

 tota circa 17'0, alae 7'7, caudae 3"4, culm. 1'35, tarsi 1-45. (Descr. feminse adultae ex Massachusetts. 

 Mus. nostr.) 



Juv. feminse adultae similis, sed coloribus sordidioribus distinguenda. 



ffab. North America, breeding from Maine and the British Provinces northward ®. — 

 Mexico, Mazatlan {Grayson^). — Cuba ^ ^. — Northern Europe and Northern 

 Asia, breeding in the Arctic and Subarctic Regions, as far south as Pomerania 

 and the Caucasus ^, occurring in winter in Asia Minor, Persia, North-western 

 India, China, and Japan ^. 



This species breeds in the northern parts of both hemispheres, and migrates south 

 in winter. The American Golden-eye has been often recorded as distinct from the 

 Palsearctic form, being slightly larger ; but Count Salvador!, our greatest authority on 

 the Ducks, does not consider that the two can be separated, even as races. 



C. glaucion has been met with in Cuba in winter, and it is said by Grayson to be 

 BIOL. CENTE.-AMER., Avcs, Vol. III., March 1902. 29 



