242 PEEISTEEID^. 



ZENAIDURxl. 

 Ztnaidura, Bp. Consp. ii. p. 84 (1854) j Salvad. Cat. Birds Brit. Mns. xxi. p. 373 (1893). 



In this genus the scapulars and innermost upper wing-coverts are spotted with 

 black, and the tail consists of fourteen feathers. The bill is of moderate size and 

 almost straight, whereas in Nesopelia, of the Galapagos, it is longer and much bent 

 downwards. 



Three species of Zenaidura are known, one being the widely-spread Z. carolinensis 

 of North America, and the other two insular forms, viz. Z. clarionensis of Clarion 

 Island and Z. graysoni of Socorro Island *. 



1. Zenaidnra carolinensis. 



Columba carolinensis, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 286 '. 



Zenaidura carolinensis, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 84': Scl. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 309'; 1858, p. 305 *; 



1859, pp. 369 \ 891 » ; Scl. & Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 222 ' ; Taylor, Ibis, 1860, p. 227 ' ; Lawr. 



Ann. Lye. N. Y. ix. p. 139'; Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H. ii. p. 304" ; Bull. U. S. Xat. Mns. 



no. 4, p. 44"; Duges, LaNat. i. p.l41"; v. Frantz. J. f. Om. 1869, p. 372"; Salv.P.Z.S. 



1870, p. 217 " ; Ibis, 1889, p. 377 " ; Baird, Brewer, & Ridgw. N. Am. Birds, iii. p. 383 " ; 



Sumichr. La Xat. v. p. 231 "; Boncard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 43" ; Belding, Pr. U. S. Xat. 



Mus. vi. p. 344 " ; Xutting, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. vi. p. 389 " ; Herrera, An. ^lus. X'ae. Mex. 



i. p. 105 " ; Salvad. Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xxi. p. 374". 

 Columba macroura, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 164 (1758) ". 

 Zenaidura macrura, Ferrari-Perez, Pr. U. S. Xat. Mus. ix. p. \74i^'^; Zeledon, An. Mus. Xac. Costa 



Rica, 1887, p. 128 "; Herrera, La Xat. (2) i. pp. 185 % 327"; Cherrie, Auk, 1892, p. 329 "^ ; 



Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. v. p. 34^^' ; A. O. U. Check-l. N. Amer. Birds, 2nd ed. p. 121 "; 



Bendire, Life Hist. N. Amer. Birds, p. 139, t. 4. figs. 8, 9 " ; Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 



no. 14, p. 36 '- ; Bangs, Auk, xviii. p. 358 ". 

 Columba marginata, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 286 " ; Wagler, Isis, 1831, p. 519 ". 



Supra bmnnescens, scapnlaribus et secundariis intimis nigio conspicue macnlatis ; t«ctricibns alarum cineraceo 

 layatis, majoribns cum ala spuria et tectricibas primarioniin dneraceis ; remigibos sepiariis, extos cinereis, 

 primariis angaste albo limbatis ; supracaudalibns et rectricibns medianis bmnneis einereo lavatis, his 

 reliqois cinereis, extemis fere albis, omnibus fascia nigra mediana notatis; pileo et coUo postico pulchre 

 cinereis ; fronte et vertice antiea, pilei lateribus et facie laterali Tenuste vinaceis ; fascia parva snbauri- 

 cnlari nigra ; colli lateribus plaga metallice rosaceo-cuprea omatis ; mento et gala summa albidis ; corpore 

 reliquo snbtns vinacescente ; abdomiue et subcaadaUbns magis ochrascentibus, his pallidioribns ; sub- 

 alaribus, asillaribtis, corporis lateribus et tibiis pulchre cinereis ; remigibos intus qnoqne cinereis : rostro 



* A supposed fonrth species is : — 



Zenaidura yncatanensis. 



Zenaidura ifucatanensis, Lawr. Ann. Lye. X. T. ix. p. 21)7'; Salv. Ibis, 1874, p. 312^; Sanchez, An. Mus. 



Xac. Mex. i. p. 105 ' ; Eidgw. Auk, i. p. 96 * ; Salvad. Cat. Birds Brit. ilus. xxi. p. 373, note^ 

 Mab. Mexico, Merida in Yucatan (Schott '). 



Count Salvadori ^ examined the type of this species, which was lent to him by the United States Kafdoual 

 Museum, and he agrees ^rith Messrs. Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, in dieir ' Xorth American Birds,' that the 

 specimen, still the only one known, is a hybrid between Zenaidura caroUnensit and Zenaida yueatanensis. 



