WOLF DAYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. 83 



back to that carcass for a second meal. The man that 

 sets traps by these carcasses fools away his time. 

 Their chief food consists of deer meat, muttton, wood- 

 chucks, coons and rabbits, but they can be kept on any 

 food that a dog will live on. They are quite bold in 

 night time but unmerciful cowards in daylight, that is, 

 as far as the human family are concerne4. They are 

 not afraid of other wild animals. A lone wolf will 

 kill any deer or drive away most any bear, and two 

 wolves will put any bear to flight in a hurry. But 

 they were awfully afraid of man in the day time, but 

 in night time will come within ten or twelve rods of a 

 small campfire and howl for an hour or more. We 

 never knew of. them to attack a man or to show any 

 signs of fight, not even around their dens where they 

 had their young. Their mating season is from the 

 5th to the 15th of February, and they have their pup- 

 pies from the 10th to the 20th of April. The num- 

 ber of whelps at a litter is from five to twelve. I have 

 caught a she-wolf with eleven breasts being nursed. 

 The size of the whelps, which are born blind, and 

 almost black in color, is about the same as common 

 pups would be from a dog that would weigh from 

 sixty to eighty pounds. Mivart says: 'The mam- 

 mary glands are from six to ten in number, but the 

 variation which is found in the Domestic Dog as re- 

 gards this character may lead us to anticipate that it 

 may not be a constant one in the wild species.' The 

 time of mating to the time of birth is nine weeks, the 

 same as our common dog. When the young wolves 



