WOLF DAYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. 37 



black, but especially so over the fore shoulders and 

 sides. Bartram, in his natural history notes, says : 

 "The wolves of Penns3'lvania are a yellowish brown 

 color." This is the variety which is called in Trego's 

 "Geography of Pennsylvania" lupus occidentalis. A 

 better name would be canis occidentalis. Audubon 

 gives the measurements of a black wolf as follows : 

 Length of head and body, 3 feet 2 inches ; tail vertebra, 

 11 inches; tail vertebra, including fur, 1 foot 1 inch; 

 length of ear, 3 inches. C. W. Dickinson gives the 

 length of the ear of a Pennsylvania wolf as 4 inches ; 

 "tail very long." These animals, being noted for their 

 long, trailing tails, were called by the old settlers "the 

 long-tailed hunters." Others among the o.ld-timers 

 called them "j\'Iountain Nightingales." A black wolf, 

 caught in Penn's Valley, in Centre County, about 1857, 

 measured, whole length, 4 feet 4 inches ; tail, 1 foot ; 

 length of ear, 2 inches. The ears of this wolf were 

 very narrow, the nose was more pointed and the tail 

 was not quite so long as the grey wolves from the 

 noilhern part of the State. The black wolf is known 

 scientifically as canis lycaon. The measurements of a 

 small wolf, taken in Sugar Valley before the Civil 

 War, are given as, length from point of nose to root of 

 tail, 2 feet 11 inches; tail, 1 foot 1 inch. The meas- 

 urements of a western grey wolf are given as, nose to 

 origin of tail, 3 feet 33-4 inches; length of trunk of tail, 

 1 foot 1 inch; ears, 3% inches. These are singularly 

 like the measurements of the grey wolves noted by 

 C. W. Dickinson in Northern Pennsylvania. While it 



