210 Principles of Phoif Cultvre. 



The more intimate the contact of the cambium in the 

 parts brought together, and the less injury their cells 

 sustain in adjusting them, the more likely are they to 

 unite. 



The plant that it is desired to change by grafting is 

 called the stocl{, and the part designed to be united to the 

 stock is called the graft, cion (scion) or bud. 



Although the tissues of two plants of differing char- 

 acter often unite in grafting, each of the united parts 

 almost always retains its individual character. For ex- 

 amijle, if one or more buds of the Ben Davis apple are 

 caused to unite by grafting ^yit]l the stem of a Baldwin 

 apple, the parts that grow thereafter from the Ben Davis 

 buds, though nourished by sap that has passed through 

 the Baldwin roots and stem, with rare exceptions, con- 

 tinue to be Ben Davis, while the parts that grow from 

 the Baldwin stock continue to be Baldwin. To this fact- 

 is due the chief value of grafting, viz., it enables us to 

 change the character of a plant. 



384. Objects of Grafting. Grafting enables us 



a — To change a plant of an undesirable variety into 

 one or more desirable ones; 



b — To preserve and multiply plants of varieties that 

 cannot be preserved or multiplied by growing them from 

 their seeds; 



c — To hasten the flowering or fruiting of seedlings 

 grown with a view to improving varieties; 



d — To change the size of trees, as to make them more 

 dwarf; 



e — To restore lost or defective branches; 



f — To adapt varieties to special soils; 



