216 Principles of Plant Culture. 



It is then cut off two or three inches down, and the 

 remaining root, if sufficiently thick, is shaped for 

 another stock. Tliree or four stocks are sometimes made 

 from a single root. As a rule, the stocks should not be 

 less than three- sixteenths inch in diameter, nor less than 

 Wo inches long. 



Some nurserymen prefer to make but a single stock 

 from one root ("whole-root" grafts). 



Different nurserymen cut the cions for root- grafts from 

 two to six inches long. In climates subject to drought 

 in summer and severe freezing in winter, the longer cions 



Fig. 111. Shaping the clous for roo1>grafting. A, making the *' long 

 cut"; B, cutting the " tongue "; C, cutting off the cion. These positions, 

 and the movements they indicate, are adapted to rapid worli. 



are more satisfactory, as they permit the stock to be 

 covered to a greater depth, and encourage rooting from 

 the cion, which is sometimes regarded as an advantage. 



Root-grafts should be stored until time for planting 

 out, as directed for cions (386). 



392. Cleft-Grafting is generally employed when the 

 stock is considerably thicker than the cion. The cut- off 

 end of the stock is split across its center, with a grafting- 

 chisel (Fig. 112), and the proximal end of the cion (116), 

 which is cut wedge-shaped and a little thicker on one 

 edge than the other, is so inserted into the cleft that the 



